Respiratory System 呼吸系统 (hūxīxìtǒng)

1. Pharyngeal tonsils 咽(yān)扁桃体(biǎntáotǐ) 肺泡(fèipào) alveolus Apex of the lung 肺(fèi)尖(jiān) Respiratory System呼吸系统(hūxīxìtǒng) Collections of lymph[淋巴(línbā)] tissue in the nasopharynx[鼻咽(bíyān)]. Air sac in the lung. Uppermost[最高的(zuìgāodē)] portion of the lung.

2. Base of the lung 肺(fèi)底(dǐ) 细(xì)支气管(zhīqìguǎn) bronchioles bronchus 支气管(zhīqìguǎn) Respiratory System Lower[较低的(jiàodīdē)] portion of the lung. Smallest[最小的(zuìxiǎodē)] branches of the bronchi. Branch[分支(fēnzhī)] of the trachea.

3. Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳(èryǎnghuàtàn) cilia 纤毛(xiānmáo) 膈(gé)膜(mó) diaphragm Respiratory System A gas[气体(qìtǐ)] produced by body when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lung. Thin hairs[细毛(xìmáo)] attached to the mucous membrane epithelium[粘膜(niánmó)上皮(shàngpí)] lining the respiratory tract. Muscle[肌肉(jīròu)] separating the chest and abdomen.

4. epiglottis 会厌(huìyàn) 呼(hū)气(qì) expiration 声门(shēngmén) glottis Respiratory System Lid-like piece of cartilage[软骨(ruǎngǔ)] that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing[吞咽(tūnyān)]. Breathing out. Opening to the larynx.

5. Hilum of lung 肺(fèi)门(mén) 吸气(xīqì) inspiration 喉(hóu) larynx Respiratory System Midline[中间(zhōngjiàn)] region where the bronchi, blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the lungs. Breathing in Voice box

6. lobe 肺叶(fèiyè) mediastinum 纵隔(zònggé) oxygen 氧气(yǎngqì) Respiratory System Division of a lung. Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus and bronchial tubes.

7. Palatine tonsil 腭(è)扁桃体(biǎntáotǐ) Parietal pleura 壁(bì)层(céng)胸膜(xiōngmó) pharynx 咽(yān) Respiratory System One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphoid tissue in the oropharynx[口咽(kǒuyān)]. The outer fold[外层(wàicéng)] of pleura lying closest to the ribs[肋骨(lèigǔ)] and wall of the thoracic cavity. Throat; composed of the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx[喉(hóu)咽(yān)].

8. pleura 胸膜(xiōngmó) 胸膜(xiōngmó)腔(qiāng) Pleural cavity 肺(fèi)实质(shízhì) Pulmonary parenchyma Respiratory System Double-folded[双层(shuāngcéng)]membrane surrounding each lung. Space between the folds of the pleura. The essential cells of the lung.

9. trachea 气管(qìguǎn) 脏(zàng)层(céng)胸膜(xiōngmó) Visceral pleura Respiratory System Windpipe. The inner fold[内层(nèicéng)] of pleura lying closest to the lung tissue.

10. 听诊(tīngzhěn) auscultation percussion 叩诊(kòuzhěn) 胸膜摩擦音(xiōngmómócāyīn) Pleural rub Respiratory System Diagnostic and Pathological Conditions Listening to sounds[声音(shēngyīn)] within the body. Stethoscope[听诊器(tīngzhěnqì)] Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure. Solid organ: Dull sound[浊音(zhuóyīn)] Air-filled structure: hollow note[清音(qīngyīn)] Scratchy sound produced by the motion of inflamed or irritated pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.

11. 罗(luó)音(yīn) rales 痰(tán) sputum 喘(chuǎn)鸣(míng) stridor Respiratory System Diagnostic and Pathological Conditions Abnormal cracking sounds heard during inspiration when there is fluid, blood or pus in the alveoli. Rhonchi [干罗音(gānluóyīn)] Material expelled from the chest by coughing or clearing the throat. Purulent sputum[脓(nóng)痰(tán)] Strained, high-pitched, noisy sound made on inspiration; associated with obstruction[阻塞(zǔsè)] of the larynx or trachea

12. 喘息(chuǎnxī) wheezes 哮(xiào)吼(hǒu) croup diphtheria 白喉(báihóu) Respiratory System Diagnostic and Pathological Conditions Continuous[连续的(liánxùdē)] high-pitched whistling[口哨(kǒushào)] sounds heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiration Acute viral infection in infants[婴儿(yīng‘ér)] and children; characterized by obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor. Causes: influenza viruses[流感病毒(liúgǎnbìngdú)] Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract[上呼吸道(shànghūxīdào)] caused by the diphtheria bacterium[白喉杆菌(báihóugǎnjūn)].

13. Respiratory System Pathological Conditions epistaxis asthma bronchiectasis Lung cancer Chronic bronchitis Cystic fibrosis atelectasis emphysema pneumoconiosis 鼻出血 bi chu xue 哮喘 xiao chuan 支气管扩张 zhi qi guan kuo zhang 肺癌 fei ai 慢性支气管炎 man xing zhi qi guan yan 纤维囊泡症 xian wei nang pao zheng 肺不张 fei bu zhang 肺气肿 fei qi zhong 矽肺 xi fei

14. Respiratory System Diagnostic and Pathological Conditions pneumonia Pulmonary abscess Pulmonary edema Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary fibrosis sarcoidosis tuberculosis mesothelioma Pleural effusion 肺炎 fei yan 肺脓肿 fei nong zhong 肺水肿 fei shui zhong 肺栓塞 fei shuan sai 肺纤维化 fei xian wei hua 肉瘤样病 rou liu yang bing 肺结核 fei jie he 间皮瘤 jian pi bing 胸腔积液 xiong qiang ji ye

15. Respiratory System Diagnostic and Pathological Conditions pleurisy pneumothorax 胸膜炎 xiong mo yan 气胸 qi xiong

16. Respiratory System Laboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures Ventilation-perfusion bronchoscopy Endotracheal intubation laryngoscopy mediastinoscopy thoracentesis thoracotomy tracheostomy 通气血流比 tong qi xue liu bi 支气管镜检 zhi qi guan jing jian 气管插管 qi guan cha guan 喉镜检查 hou jing jian cha 纵膈镜检 zong ge jing jian 胸腔穿刺 xiong qiang chuan ci 胸廓切开 xiong kuo qie kai 气管切开 qi guan qie kai

17. Respiratory System Laboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures Tuberculin test Tube thoracostomy 结核菌素试验 jie he jun su shi yan 管状胸廓造口 guan zhuang xiong kuo zao kou

18. Respiratory System Dialogue Ⅰ D: Can I help you? P: Yes, I think I have a cold. 医生：你有什么需要？ Ni you shen me xu yao? 病人：我想我感冒了。 Wo xiang wo gan mao le .

19. Respiratory System Dialogue Ⅰ D: How long have you been ill? P: About three days. 医生：病多长时间了？ Bing duo chang shi jian le? 病人：大约三天。 Da yue san tian.

20. Respiratory System Dialogue Ⅰ D: Why didn’t you come here three days ago. P: I just thought that it would go away by itself, and I was busy with work. 医生：为什么三天前不来看病？ Wei shen me san tian qian bu lai kan bing? 病人：我以为它自己会好，而且我工作很忙。 Wo yi wei ta zi ji hui hao, er qie wo gong zuo hen mang.

21. Respiratory System Dialogue Ⅰ D: What’re the main symptoms and signs? P: I have a running nose, a low grade fever. What’s the worst, I have a sore throat, a mild headache . 医生：主要的症状和体征是什么？ Zhu yao de zheng zhuang he ti zheng shi shen me? 病人：流鼻涕，发低烧。最糟糕的是喉咙痛，头痛。 Liu bi ti, fa di shao. Zui zao gao de shi hou long tong, tou tong.

22. Respiratory System Dialogue Ⅰ D: Do you have a cough? P: No, never. 医生：咳嗽吗？ Ke sou ma ? 病人：不咳。 Bu ke.

23. Respiratory System Dialogue Ⅰ D: I want to have a look at your throat, please open your mouth and say “ah~”. P: Ah~. 医生：我看看你的喉咙，张大嘴巴说“啊~”。 Wo kan kan ni de hou long, zhang da zui ba shuo ah. 病人：啊~。 ah.

24. Respiratory System Dialogue Ⅰ D: Ok, I think you have a common cold. But you have to take at least three days off because you’d better stay at home until you’re all right. And what kind of medicines do you prefer, chinese traditional or western? P: Western 医生：好了，我认为你只是一般的感冒。但你至少请三天假，因为你得呆在家里休息，直到病好为止。你想吃什么药，中药还是西药？ Hao le, wo ren wei ni zhi shi yi ban de gan mao. Dan ni zhi shao qing san tian jia, yin wei ni de dai zai jia li xiu xi, zhi dao bing hao wei zhi. Ni xiang chi shen me yao, zhong yao hai shi xi yao? 病人：西药。Xi yao.

25. Respiratory System Dialogue Ⅰ D: And you should keep your child away from you. P: I have done that already. D: Ok. You’ll be well soon. 医生：另外你得把你孩子和你隔离开来。 Ling wai ni de ba ni hai zi he ni ge li kai lai. 病人：我已经那样做了。Wo yi jing na yang zuo le. 医生：很好，你会很快康复的。 Hen hao ni hui hen duai kang fu de.

26. Respiratory System Dialogue Ⅱ P: I have difficulty in breathing. D: Please lie down in your back. (exam the heart and lung by auscultation and percussion). Please sit on the bed with your back against me. (percuss the upper back). I think you have hydrothorax. 病人：我有点呼吸困难？ Wo you dian hu xi kun nan? 医生：请你仰卧于床上（通过听诊和叩诊来检查心肺）。请背对我坐在床上（叩诊上背部）。我想你有胸腔积液。 Qing ni yang wo yu chuang shang (tong guo ting zhen he kou zhen lai jian cha xin fei) . Qing bei dui wo zuo zai chuang shang (kou zhen shang bei bu). Wo xiang ni you xiong qiang ji ye

27. Respiratory System Dialogue Ⅱ P: What’s that? D: Some diseases like pneumonia, lung cancer, tuberculosis, can make the plerua produce much more fluid. We call the excessive fluid hydrothorax, and it can cause dyspnea. 病人：那是什么？ Na shi shen me? 医生：在有些疾病状态下，如肺炎、肺癌、肺结核，胸膜会产生过量的液体，我们把它叫做胸腔积液。它可以引起呼吸困难。 Zai you xie ji bing zhuang tai xia, ru fei yan, fei ai, fei jie he, xiong mo hui chan sheng huo liang de ye ti, wo men ba ta jiao zuo xiong qiang ji ye. Ta ke yi yin qi hu xi kun nan .

28. Respiratory System Dialogue Ⅱ P: So what now? what can you do for me? D: There is a spontaneous absorption with the pace of your pneumonia’s recovery. But the fluid is too much to influence your breath now, so we must do something. 病人：那现在怎么办？ Na xian zai zen me ban? 医生：胸腔积液可以随着肺炎的好转而逐渐自发吸收。但现在胸腔积液太多，影响了你的呼吸，所以我们会采取一些措施。 Xiong qiang ji ye ke yi sui zhe fei yan de hao zhuan er zhu jian zi fa xi shou. Dan xian zai xiong qiang ji ye tai duo le, ying xiang le ni de hu xi, suo yi wo men hui cai qu yi xie cuo shi .

29. Respiratory System Dialogue Ⅱ P: What exactly? D: It’s a simple operation called thoracentesis. There is an ultrasound examination you will take to estimate the amount. In course of the exam we could also make an anchor point to ensure the safety. 病人：怎么讲？Zen me jiang? 医生：就是一个叫做胸腔穿刺的小手术。你先要做一个超声检查来估计胸水量，同时我们可以用超声进行穿刺点定位，来保证胸穿的安全。 Jiu shi yi ge jiao zuo xiong qiang chuan ci de xiao shou shu. Ni xian yao zuo yi ge chao sheng jian cha lai gu ji xiong shui liang. Tong shi wo men ke yi yong chao sheng lai jin xing chuan ci dian ding wei, lai bao zheng xiong chuan de an quan .

30. Respiratory System Dialogue Ⅱ P: How long will it take to finish that? D: Twenty minutes or less. I’m going to prepare for that. 病人：那得花多长时间啊？ Na de hua duo chang shi jian a? 医生：20分钟或更少。我现在去准备一下。 20 fen zhong huo geng shao. Wo xian zai qu zhun bei yi xia .

31. Respiratory System Dialogue Ⅱ P: Is there any pain? D: You can’t feel any pain after taking local anesthesia. P: Sounds acceptable. 病人：会痛吗？ Hui tong ma? 医生：局部麻醉后你不会觉得痛的。 Ju bu ma zui hou ni bu hui jue de tong de. 病人：那还差不多。 Na hai cha bu duo