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WWI the Home Front

WWI the Home Front. 1915 May, 7: Lusitania 1916 Wilson re-elected “He K ept U s O ut of War” 1917 Zimmermann note 1917 Russia pulls out due to revolution 1917 April 2, US enters war 1917 May, Selective Service Act “I Want You for U.S Army”

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WWI the Home Front

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  1. WWI the Home Front • 1915 May, 7: Lusitania • 1916 Wilson re-elected “He Kept Us Out of War” • 1917 Zimmermann note • 1917 Russia pulls out due to revolution • 1917 April 2, US enters war • 1917 May, Selective Service Act “I Want You for U.S Army” • 24 million men registered by end of war in 1918 • 2 million reached Europe ¾ saw action • Most uneducated and 1-5 foreign born

  2. Home Front • 1917 (WIB) War Industries Board • Encouraged companies to use mass production to increase efficiency • Applied price control at wholesale level causing retail to rise • 1917 RR Administration controlled • 1917 Espionage Act • 1918 Sedition Act (hey what about the First Amendment?) • Not good to be a Socialist or Union member (Industrial Workers of the World) • Eugene V. Debs ten year prison for speaking out • 1918 Fuel Administration introduce “daylight savings” to extend daylight • 1918 National War Labor Board “Work or fight” • Improved factory conditions, shorter days, safety

  3. Home Front • Food Administration: “gospel of the clean plate” ration of food such as meat, wheat, pork, sugar • Victory Gardens: homeowners and school children • Paying for the war: $35.5 Billion • Progressive income tax (tax higher income at higher rate than low income) • War profit tax • Excise taxes (tobacco, liquor and luxury goods) • Public borrowing by selling “Liberty Loans” and “Victory Loans” • Propaganda • Great Migration: greatest impact on African American lives • Escape racial discrimination in south • Jobs opportunity (Ford started hiring AA in 1914) • Still faced discrimination in North by immigrants in cities

  4. Women • Filled men’s jobs: RR workers, cooks, dockworkers, bricklayers, miners, shipbuilding. • Nurses, clerks and teachers • Volunteered at Red Cross • Sold bonds • Children • 1919 Nineteenth Amendment passed and ratified 1920 women could now vote.

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