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Methods of Observation

Methods of Observation. 1. Define Target Beh 2. Gather Info about beh. Recall. 1. Outcome recording 2. Event recording 3. Interval recording 4. Time Sample REcording. Methods. * Beh produces unique result * Define the beh in terms of whether or not it occurred.

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Methods of Observation

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  1. Methods of Observation

  2. 1. Define Target Beh2. Gather Info about beh Recall

  3. 1. Outcome recording2. Event recording3. Interval recording4. Time Sample REcording Methods

  4. * Beh produces unique result* Define the beh in terms of whether or not it occurred Outcome Recording

  5. * Observe beh while it is occurring* Keep track of each instance Event Recording

  6. * Nonuniformbeh* Develop observation time in intervals* Did beh occur in that time interval Interval Recording

  7. * Can be used for more than 2 beh* Sampling with discontinuous intervals Time Sample Recording

  8. * Reliability measure of accuracy of your observations* Validity measures whether you observing what you think you are Reliability and Validity of Everyday Observations

  9. Reliability & Validity • Reliability: consistency in results; accuracy • Repeated observations over time • Compare observations by more than 1 observer • More agreement more reliability • Validity: measuring what you think you’re measuring • Make use of outside observers • Does beh look like everyday instance?

  10. Experimental Methods • Single-subject experiment • Presenting and withholding treatment (the actual beh modification technique) • Study one person repeatedly over time • Establishes baseline • Established reliability • Rules out alternative explanations

  11. Comparison (AB) Design Baseline (A) Treatment (B) Number Of Beh DAYS • One baseline phase ; one treatment phase • Does not rule out alternative explanations for change in beh

  12. ABA Reversal Design Baseline (A) Treatment (B) Baseline (A) Number Of Beh DAYS • One baseline phase ; one treatment phase; back to baseline phase • DOES rule out alternative explanations for change in beh

  13. ABAB Multiple Reversal Design Baseline (A) Treatment (B) Baseline (A) Treatment (B) Number Of Beh DAYS • One baseline phase ; one treatment phase; back to baseline phase; another • Treatment phase • DOES rule out alternative explanations for change in beh • Can be used to compare two behaviors (see pg 91)

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