1 / 21

Warm Up:

Warm Up:. How did geography affect the civilizations that developed in the tropics? (USE YOR TEXTBOOKS TO ANSWER IF YOU DON’T KNOW). Chapter 13. Tropical Africa and Asia. I. New Islamic Empires. A . Mali Foundations Indigenous African dynasty that had adopted Islam - Malinke people

ogden
Download Presentation

Warm Up:

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Warm Up: How did geography affect the civilizations that developed in the tropics? (USE YOR TEXTBOOKS TO ANSWER IF YOU DON’T KNOW)

  2. Chapter 13 Tropical Africa and Asia

  3. I. New Islamic Empires A. Mali • Foundations • Indigenous African dynasty that had adopted Islam - Malinke people • Islam spread through peaceful conversions

  4. I. New Islamic Empires 2. Economy • Based on agriculture • Regional and trans-Saharan trade routes • Control of gold and copper trade

  5. I. New Islamic Empires 3. Mansa Musa (r. 1312-1337) • King of Mali • Made the Hajj in 1324 • Displayed the wealth of his kingdom - Traveled with his wife, 500 ladies in waiting, 60,000 porters, caravan of camels • 80 packages of gold (122 ounces each), 500 slaves each with a golden staff • Upon his return, built mosques and Quranic schools to promote Islamic learning - Timbuktu

  6. I. New Islamic Empires 4. Government • “Complete and general safety” in Mali • No fear of robbery • Property rights respected

  7. I. New Islamic Empires • Decline • Less able rulers • Rebellions amongst diverse people - resented Malinke rule • Wealth attracted invaders

  8. I. New Islamic Empires B. The Delhi Sultanate 1206-1506 • Arrival of Islam • Afghan warlords began raids of northern India in the 11th century • Motivated by desire to spread Islam, • Plunder Hindu and Buddhist temples

  9. I. New Islamic Empires 2. Conquest • Turkish invaders from central Asia arrived in late 12th century • Unified by religion (Islam) • Motivated by conquest • Backed with superior weapons - Crossbows and iron stirrups • Able to defeat divided Indians

  10. I. New Islamic Empires 3. Foundation • Sultan Iltutmish, established the Delhi Sultanate as a Muslim state • Brutal conquerors transformed into benign rulers • their Hindu subjects never forgave the violence of the conquest.

  11. I. New Islamic Empires 4. Raziya • Iltutmish passed his throne on to his daughter, Raziya. • Raziya was a talented ruler, but she was driven from office by men - unwilling to accept a female monarch.

  12. I. New Islamic Empires 5. Expansion • Under Ala-ud-din (r. 1296–1316) and Muhammad ibnTughluq (r. 1325–1351), • the Delhi Sultanate carried out a policy of aggressive territorial expansion • accompanied (in the case of Tughluq) by a policy of religious toleration toward Hindus • a policy that was reversed by Tughluq’s successor.

  13. I. New Islamic Empires • Rule and decline • In general, the Delhi sultans ruled by terror • Harsh military reprisals, pillage and high taxes. • In the 14th century, internal rivalries and external threats undermined the stability of the Sultanate. • The Sultanate was destroyed when Timur sacked Delhi in 1390

  14. II. Social And Cultural Change, 1200-1500 • Architecture, Learning and Religion • Places of Worship • African Muslims built mosques with local materials - Sun-baked clay in Sudan, Coral stone in Swahili coast • Hindu temples influence design of mosques • Christian churches built using Ethiopian tradition of rock sculpture

  15. II. Social And Cultural Change, 1200-1500 • Learning • Mosques, churches and temples were centers of education • Islam promoted to the spread of literacy in Africa - Initial in Arabic, then in local languages

  16. II. Social And Cultural Change, 1200-1500 3. Timbuktu • West African city • 150 Quranic schools • Scholars studied Islamic law theology and administration • Mathematics, medicine in science • Based on ancient Greek writings • Books became most valuable import to the city

  17. II. Social And Cultural Change, 1200-1500 4. Conversion • Rulers did not generally impose their religion • Spread through missionaries, merchants and marriage • Islamic invasion to India destroyed last strongholds of Buddhism in subcontinent • Islam replaced Buddhism as second most important religion in India • Hinduism still dominant faith

  18. II. Social And Cultural Change, 1200-1500 B. Social and Gender Distinctions 1. Slave Trade • Hundreds of thousands of Hindus made slaves after Muslim Conquest • African slaves were sent to North Africa, across the Red Sea, and to India - As far as China • 2.5 million enslaved Africans • Growth in slavery brought increased prosperity to the elites

  19. II. Social And Cultural Change, 1200-1500 2. Slaves • Dominated skilled trades and military service • Others did hard menial work • Mining • Wealthy households employed slaves as servants • Slaves became so plentiful that horses sold for higher prices

  20. II. Social And Cultural Change, 1200-1500 • Gender • Sati seen as being optional • Daughters still given away in marriage before puberty - Consummation later • Wives faces stricter punishments for infidelity • Women not permitted role in commerce, administration or religion

  21. II. Social And Cultural Change, 1200-1500 • Women and Labor • Child rearing and food preparation • Brewing • Farm work • Making clay pots, spinning yarn, marketing

More Related