Project 1: Education and HIV Prevention

1. Project 1: Education and HIV Prevention

2. --------------HIV Prevention-------------Intervention 1: Teacher Training • Trainers from: ACU-MOEST (AIDS Control Unit of the Ministry of Education Science and Technology) and KIE (Kenya Institute of Education) and ICS (International Child Support) • Trained 3 teachers per school in control schools

3. --------------HIV Prevention-------------Intervention 2: Uniforms/Reducing the Cost of Education • Treatment: One uniform per student in Standard 6, and another after 18 months if they were still in school • Each cost about $6

4. --------------HIV Prevention-------------Intervention 3: Critical Thinking • Debates about whether children should be taught about condoms in primary school (part of gov’t curriculum) • Essay competition: How can I protect myself?

5. --------------HIV Prevention-------------Intervention 4: Relative Risk Awareness • Informed students about the different rates of HIV by age and sex in their area • Warned about the dangers of “Sugar Daddies” • Screening of a 10-minute video called “Sarah, the Trap”

6. --------------HIV Prevention-------------Outcomes for evaluation • Ideal: HIV infection and risky behavior • Reality: • Childbearing rates • Knowledge, attitudes, and practice surveys • (to come) HIV and STI rates

7. --------------HIV Prevention-------------Key results • Teacher Training: more likely to be married conditional on being pregnant • Critical Thinking: increased knowledge and self-reported use of condoms; did not increase self-reported sexual activity • Uniforms: reduced dropout rates, teen marriage, and childbearing • Relative risks: reduced childbearing, especially with older men.

8. --------------HIV Prevention-------------Visual Overview Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Teacher Training Control Control Treatment Teacher Training+ Uniforms Uniforms Intervention 3 Intervention 4

9. -----------Extra Teacher Program----------Visual Overview Base Intervention Streaming Random Assignment Control Control Treatment Ability Tracking Intervention 2

10. -----Peer Effects, Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Teacher Incentives ------Base Intervention: Extra Teacher Provision • Salary paid for one extra teacher per school for Standard 1 (Standard 2 in year 2), with the requirement that an additional class would be added • Teachers must be certified

11. -----Peer Effects, Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Teacher Incentives ------Splitting the class • Classes split in 2 ways: • Random: students assigned randomly to new teacher or previous teacher(s) • Tracking: Split by scores on exam at the end of first term

12. -----Peer Effects, Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Teacher Incentives ------School-Based Management • In half of treatment schools, stratified by streaming method, local school committees were trained and encouraged to oversee the teacher

13. -----Peer Effects, Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Teacher Incentives ------Outcomes for evaluation • Test Scores • Attendance • Teacher effort

14. -----Peer Effects, Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Teacher Incentives ------Key Results • Extra teacher alone decreased teacher effort, little or no effect on test scores • When school committee training + extra teacher increased test scores • Homogenous classes increased test scores even more, for both high and low ability • Find no effect of ability of peers