Prevention of Illicit Discharge Within Manhattan, Kansas

1. Prevention of Illicit Discharge Within Manhattan, Kansas Ellen Calhoun, Ryan Flickner, A. Meredith Smythe, Kelsi Steele

2. Outline • Project Overview • Project Objectives • National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System • Illicit Discharge • Common Illicit Discharges • Clean-Up Procedure • Environmental Impact • Employee Training • Emergency Procedure • Haz-Mat • Conclusions and Recommendations

3. Project Overview • Our Service Learning project was to assist the City of Manhattan in establishing an illicit discharge prevention plan that fulfills a minimum control measure established through NPDES.

4. Project Objectives • Define regulations presented in NPDES • Develop a plan for the prevention of illicit discharges into the stormwater sewer • Formulate a list of potential contaminants, the actions required, and the environmental impact of the contaminants. • Formulate a spill prevention and spill clean-up procedures.

5. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) • Established by Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) Amendments of 1972 • Requires that facilities that release pollutants into waters of the US to obtain a permit • Has 4 goals…

6. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) • Goal 1 • Eliminate the discharge of pollutants into navigable waters of the United States

7. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) • Goal 2 • Protect fish, shellfish and wildlife

8. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) • Goal 3 • Provide safe water for recreational purposes

9. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) • Goal 4 • Prohibit the release of toxic discharges

10. National Discharge Pollutant Elimination System (NPDES) • Permit (EPA definition) • “a license for a facility to discharge a specified amount of a pollutant into a Office of Wastewater Management - Water Permitting receiving water under certain conditions; however, permits may also authorize facilities to process, incinerate, landfill, or beneficially use sewage sludge.”

11. National Discharge Pollutant Elimination System (NPDES) • Types of Permits • Individual • Customized to the specific facility • General • Envelop multiple facilities within a specific category Currently Manhattan, Kansas has neither type of permit on record with the EPAwebsite

12. Illicit Discharge • Any discharge into a storm water drain or treatment plant that is not composed entirely of storm water • Exempt items: wetlands, diverted stream flows, springs • Exempt under certain conditions: foundation drains, landscape irrigation, individual residential care washing, sidewalk washing, as well as flows from emergency fire fighting activities

13. Common Illicit Discharges • Our focus: oil, grease, gasoline, paints, yard wastes, garbage, household chemicals, and pesticides • Cause for concern: chlorinated pool water, cigarette butts, sanitary sewer flows, commercial car wash wastewater, construction debris, and food wastes

14. Clean-Up Procedure • Yard Waste – Compost Pile • Garbage • Paper Litter – Recycle • Plastic Bottles – Recycle Source: http://www.bidisposal.com/images/YARDWASTE.jpg

15. Clean-Up Procedure • Motor Oil, Gasoline, Grease, Paint • Shut off all possible ignition sources • Transfer excess pollutant into spill proof container. • Remove remaining residue use an absorbent such as earth, sand, or vermiculite. Source: http://www.homedepot.com/cmc_upload/HDUS/EN_US/asset/images/eplus/130232_3.jpg Source: http://www.phasmidsincyberspace.com/Pictures/Vermiculite.JPG

16. Clean-Up Procedure • Acid/Base • Neutralize an acid with soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, or lime • Neutralize a base with citric acid or dilute hydrochloric acid • Liquid Detergent • Transfer into another container • Remove residue with absorbents • Flush with water

17. Safety Equipment • Safety Goggles • Rubber or Nitrile Gloves • Respirator • Protective Clothing Source: http://www.dick-blick.com/items/329/07/32907-OA2ww.jpg Source: http://www.ritop.com/information/images/ya127c.jpg Source:http://www.ritop.com/information/images/glass1bk.jpg

18. Environmental Impact • If any discharge enters the stormwater sewer contact the National Emergency Response Center • Absorbent pillow can be used to contain the pollutant until remediation can occur • It is important to act quickly to prevent substantial damage to the ecosystem.

19. Employee Training • Employee training is crucial in pollution prevention • The EPA recommends at a minimum the following in a program • Maintenance training • Maintenance schedules • Long-term inspection training • Procedure for properly disposing of waste when removed from storm sewers • Ability to transfer knowledge through public education • Finance planning for enough funding

20. Employee Training • Options for training procedures: • Visual: posters, bulletin boards • Verbal: employee meetings, courses • Field training: hands-on demonstrations

21. Employee Training • Record process of training programs • Senior management involvement is vital

22. Employee Training • Advantages • Cost effective • Easily implement able • Able to be Duplicate/ can be standardized • Disadvantages • Senior management apathy • Employee lack of motivation • Lack of Incentives to become involved

23. Prioritization • List all illicit disposal incidents that have been reported but not yet investigated and place in one of the following categories: • Hazardous, affecting public health and safety • Hazardous, affecting the environment (receiving waters, air, etc…) • Hazardous, affecting property • Hazardous, other • Non-hazardous, affecting public health and safety • Non-hazardous, affecting the environment (receiving waters, air, etc…) • Non-hazardous, affecting property • Remaining incidents

24. Emergency Procedure • Contact the Fire Department immediately with information • Type/cause of incident • Types of chemicals involved • Resources available on site • Possible injured personnel Source: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/spills/incidents/willapa/willapaphotos/willabase.jpg

25. Haz-Mat • Hazardous Materials Division • Within the Kansas State Fire Marshal’s Office • Supports local first responders by isolating hazardous materials • Accidents and/or Acts of Terrorism

26. Haz-Mat • Kansas Haz-Mat Response Team • Within the state boundaries, regardless of local government jurisdiction

27. Regional Response Teams Coffeyville Colby Emporia Ford County Hays Manhattan Newton Overland Park Salina Sedgwick County Seward County Topeka Wellington Haz-Mat

28. Haz-Mat • Kansas State Fire Marshal’s Office • Teams can respond to most areas in Kansas within an hour or less • Can haz-mat incidents and accidents as well as terrorist events • Chemical • Biological • Radiological • Nuclear (CBRN)

29. Haz-Mat • To Request a Response Team • Call the toll-free hotline • (1-866-KHAZMAT) • Call the group pager • (785-357-3261) • website • (www.myairmail.com) Both hotline and website forward to the group pager

30. Conclusions • Manhattan has accomplished two out of the six minimum control measures. • Public education and outreach • Public participation and involvement • Recommendations to accomplish next minimum control measure • Two or more city workers become trained in hazardous materials protocol • Obtain a MSDS database • Keep on hand absorbents such as: sand, earth and vermiculite.

31. Acknowledgements • Dr. Alok Bhandari, Team Advisor • Steve Hampton, Assistant City Engineer

32. Questions?