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An Instantaneous Regulation for the Wired and Wireless Super-Resonant Converters

International Telecommunications Energy Conference 2011. An Instantaneous Regulation for the Wired and Wireless Super-Resonant Converters. Stanimir Valtchev Dept. of Electrical Engineering and UNINOVA Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal Rui Medeiros UNINOVA

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An Instantaneous Regulation for the Wired and Wireless Super-Resonant Converters

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  1. International Telecommunications Energy Conference 2011 An Instantaneous Regulation for the Wired and Wireless Super-Resonant Converters Stanimir Valtchev Dept. of Electrical Engineering and UNINOVA Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal Rui Medeiros UNINOVA Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal Svilen Valtchev Instituto Politécnico de Leiria CEMAT, Instituto Superior Técnico TU Lisboa, Portugal Ben Klaassens Delft University of Technology Delft, the Netherlands

  2. Outline: • Introduction • Series Loaded Series Resonant (SLSR) Converter and Contactless Energy Transfer • Ideal Magnetic Coupling and Loosely Coupled SLSR Converter • Output Power Regulation Strategies • Frequency Mode & Mixed Mode Regulation • Energy Pulse Calculation and Instantaneous Regulation • Simulation Results • Experimental Verification • Concluding Remarks INTELEC 2011

  3. Electrical energy transfer Dr. Nikola Tesla (mechanical engineer & physicist) 221 patents... • polyphase AC transformer, brushless alternator and motor (synchronous and asynchronous) - patented in 1880 • radio (1893), fluorescent lighting, automotive ignition, etc. • unselfish, almost forgotten, died in huge debt, a year before the US Supreme Court declared him in 1944 the true inventor of radio • first wireless energy transfer (1899) - published in 1904 • worldwide energy distribution project (Wardenclyffe tower) INTELEC 2011

  4. Contactless Energy Transfer Capacitive link (Electric field) Inductive link (Magnetic field) INTELEC 2011

  5. Inductively Coupled Energy Transfer Pot core and similar constructions INTELEC 2011

  6. Local maximums (density spots) of magnetic induction Original central air gap 2.6 mm Air gap 12.6 mm Air gap 7.6 mm 0.22 T 0.45 T 0.28T INTELEC 2011

  7. Series Loaded Series Resonant Converter INTELEC 2011

  8. Regulating the SLSR converter (also contactless) • It is necessary to achieve: • Safe Frequency Mode operation (continuous current) and (or) • Safe Pulse Width Mode (discontinuous current) at different levels of output power. • Some requirements should be respected: • Soft switching, high efficiency, high reaction speed, • no overshoot, etc. INTELEC 2011

  9. Super-resonant FM ZVS soft-switching Super-resonant FM operation Sub-resonant FM operation INTELEC 2011

  10. Safer (soft switching) PWM operation (at minimum output power): Unsafe zone for PWM Safety boundary: Safe zone for PWM INTELEC 2011

  11. Loosely coupled (contactless) SLSR converter downgraded to the ideal model Really obtained variables: i1 ≠ i2 Substitution by ideal loops achieves the same shape of the variables INTELEC 2011

  12. Methods of regulating SLSR Converter (in ZVS) 1. Simple FM regulation through ψ2 (Vout and resonant current feedback) INTELEC 2011

  13. Mixed PWM and PWM-FM regulation (output voltage feedback) FM PWM INTELEC 2011

  14. Calculation basics GENERAL SOLUTIONS applied to obtain efficiency prevision graphically: INTELEC 2011

  15. Recalculated primary and secondary idealized circuits INTELEC 2011

  16. Instantaneous control SLSR converter (proposed) Energy balance: In steady-state: i.e. In transition: i.e. INTELEC 2011

  17. Instantaneous control SLSR converter (proposed) INTELEC 2011

  18. Implementation of instantaneous SLSR control INTELEC 2011

  19. Experimental Verification • Resonant converter power stage (from APRONEX Ltd.) INTELEC 2011

  20. Experimental Verification • Output voltage and power shown by electronic load indicator at air gap of 50 mm INTELEC 2011

  21. Experimental Verification Measured waveforms of the resonant converter: Vc, i(L) and input (supply) voltage Vs Another situation of measured waveforms of the resonant converter: Vc, i(L) and input (supply) voltage Vs INTELEC 2011

  22. Laboratory experiments INTELEC 2011

  23. Simulation and experiments Idealized windings Real windings (later in Litz) INTELEC 2011

  24. Conclusions • New regulation method is proposed, based on energy balance • It promises guaranteed ZVS, best possible efficiency, reaction during same switching period, protection against overcharging, no overshoot, etc. • Viability of regulator is proved by simulation as realistic analog circuit • Method capable to be better solution for contactless energy transfer converter INTELEC 2011

  25. Thank you for your attention! INTELEC 2011

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