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Bio 102 Laboratory 13 GrossAnatomy of the Kidney, Nephrons, and Reproductive System

Bio 102 Laboratory 13 GrossAnatomy of the Kidney, Nephrons, and Reproductive System. Objectives for Today’s Lab. On human models and in the cat: Identify the gross structures of the kidney and its blood supply listed in your lab handout

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Bio 102 Laboratory 13 GrossAnatomy of the Kidney, Nephrons, and Reproductive System

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  1. Bio 102 Laboratory 13 GrossAnatomy ofthe Kidney, Nephrons, and Reproductive System

  2. Objectives for Today’s Lab • On human models and in the cat: • Identify the gross structures of the kidney and its blood supply listed in your lab handout • Identify the structures of the nephron on human models • Identify the male/female reproductive structures listed in your lab handout • NOTE: CAT structures to be located for this lab are listed in your Lab Guide Handout with a “*” • See the following in your Laboratory Manual • Human Urinary System Anatomy: Exercise 40, pp. 613-626 • Human Reproductive System Anatomy: Exercise 42, pp. 635-650 • Cat Dissection Exercises 8 (pg. 755) and 9 (pg. 759)

  3. Digestive Enzyme Lab Summary Table

  4. Location of Kidneys Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 Located from T12 to L3 Left kidney is slightly higher than right kidney Adrenal glands sit on the medial and superior part of kidneys

  5. Gross Anatomy of the Kidneys Renal capsule is tough, fibrous capsule (tunica fibrosa) Hilus is entry point for renal artery, vein, and nerve (mostly sympathetic fibers) Bases of renal pyramids face the cortex, apices face the renal pelvis and end at renal papillae Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

  6. Renal Blood Vessels (Cortical Radiate artery) Figures from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

  7. The Nephron

  8. Histology of Kidney

  9. Histology of Ureter

  10. Histology of Urinary Bladder

  11. Organs of the Female Reproductive System (In anteflexion) * * * (Fallopian) (Skene’s glands; lesser vestibular glands) * * * * (Bartholin’s glands) Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

  12. Ovaries and Their Attachments * * * * * * Fold of peritoneum that attaches to sides and floor of pelvic cavity (limits side-to-side movement and rotation) * Posterior view Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

  13. Mammary Glands Mammary glands as shown are for women in last trimester of pregnancy or who are nursing. The areola, a ring of pigmented skin, covers large sebaceous glands that give it a bumpy appearance. Sebum reduces chapping and cracking of the nipple. Figures from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

  14. Male Reproductive System * * * * * * Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

  15. Male Reproductive Organs posterior view * * * * * *

  16. Male External Reproductive Organs Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

  17. Kidney with fibrous capsule Renal vein Renal artery Ureter

  18. Renal pelvis Renal capsule Renal artery Renal medulla Renal vein Renal cortex Ureter

  19. Renal pelvis Renal cortex Renal medulla

  20. Left kidney Urinary bladder Left ureter Urethra

  21. Right kidney Left kidney Right ureter Left ureter Urinary bladder Urethra Urogenital sinus

  22. Left kidney Right kidney Left ureter Right ureter Urinarybladder Urethra

  23. Left kidney Right kidney Right ureter Left ureter Urinary bladder Urethra Prostate gland Crus of penis Body of penis Glans penis

  24. Right kidney Left kidney Right ureter Left ureter Urinary bladder Urethra Penis

  25. Urinary bladder Right ductus deferens Left ductus deferens Left spermatic cord Urethra Testis (covered by tunica vaginalis) Prostate gland Right spermatic cord Crus of penis Body of penis Scrotum Glans penis Epididymis (covered by tunica vaginalis)

  26. Ureter Urinary bladder Prostate gland Urethra Root of penis Penis Foreskin Glans penis

  27. Ureter Urinary bladder Right ductus deferens Prostate gland Urethra Left ductus deferens Bulbourethral glands Left spermatic cord Right spermatic cord Root of penis Right testis Penis Foreskin Epididymis Glans penis Left testis Scrotum

  28. Right spermatic cord Left spermatic cord Right testis Left testis Scrotum

  29. Suspensory Ligament Right ovary Left ovary Ovarian Ligament Uterine horn Uterine body Vagina Urethra Urogenital sinus

  30. Right ovary Ureter Left ovary Left uterine tube Right uterine tube Left uterine horn Uterine body Right uterine horn Vagina Urinary bladder Urogenital sinus Urethra

  31. Left suspensory ligament Left uterine tube Left ovary Left uterine horn Uterine body Vagina Urogenital sinus

  32. Right ovary Left ovary Left uterine horn with fetus Right uterine horn with fetus Uterine body

  33. Placenta Fetus Uterine horn, opened Fetus Small intestine Uterine body Ureter

  34. What you should do in lab today… • Look at models of human kidney and nephrons in lab and be able to identify the structures listed in your Laboratory Guide on models or on photos • Look at models of human reproductive structures in lab and be able to identify the structures listed in your Laboratory Guide on models or on photos • In the dissected cat, locate the kidney and reproductive structures listed in your Laboratory Guide

  35. Last Lab of Semester (yahoooeee!) • Urinalysis next lab – some things to remember • You should restrict your intake of food and beverages for TWO HOURS prior to lab • Do not do this if you have a medical condition that would prohibit this • Do NOT urinate before lab! • You’ll be collecting a specimen soon after you get to lab and using it as your control sample • We may have some time between ‘pees’, so bring questions if you have them.

  36. Review of Subjects for Lab Exam 2 • Lab Exam 1 will consist of 25 stations and 52 fill-in-the-blank questions. (plus bonus questions)  You will be expected to be able to recognize all structures listed in your Laboratory Guide and know the items listed on this study guide. • Remember that SPLLEING COUTNS!!  You will lose 1 point for every 2 spelling errors you make. • For help in studying the following items and getting practice, be sure to look at the following items in the Laboratory Section of the gserianne.com Web site • 1. The online PowerPoint Quizzes and 'Links to Explore' (if available) • 2. Mastering A&P Web site (PAL, PhysioEx)

  37. Review of Subjects for Lab Exam 2 Respiratory System (Labs 9 and 10) – 14 questions • Be able to calculate minute volume given tidal volume and breathing rate • Define respiratory volumes and capacities in words and relate the numeric formulas to their definitions. • Solve for vital capacity, inspiratory capacity, functional residual capacity, using known (given) volumes and/or capacities. • Define tidal volume and recall the normal, average tidal volume in adults (if it's not given to you). • Name and correctly spell the equipment used to assess lung volumes and capacities. • Predict the effect of blood CO2 levels and various experimental conditions on breathing. • Recognize the anatomical structures listed in your study guide on the human models/photographs and in the dissected cat (larynx, trachea, L/R bronchi, R/L lung, and diaphragm - and the thyroid gland) • Identify microscopically, in photomicrographs: a) the type of epithelium lining the respiratory tract b) mucus glands/goblet cells and c) respiratory cilia

  38. Review of Subjects for Lab Exam 2 Digestive System & Digestive Enzymes (Labs 11 and 12) – 18 questions • Identify, given a model or a photograph of a model or a dissected cat, ALL the structures listed in your Laboratory Guide. Correctly list the substrates, products, and optimal conditions for the digestive enzymes we investigated in Lab 12 (salivary amylase, pepsin, and pancreatic lipase). Urinary and Reproductive Systems (Lab 13) – Urinary 12, Repro 6 questions • Be able to recognize all structures, including all parts of the kidney and nephron and the adrenal glands [torso, plaque models, individual models, photos] listed on your Laboratory Guide for the human and cat (starred items). • Be able to recognize the major reproductive structures for the male listed in your laboratory guide in both the human and the cat (starred items) • Be able to recognize the major reproductive structures for the female listed in your laboratory guide in both the human and the cat (starred items)

  39. Review of Subjects for Lab Exam 2 Urinalysis (Lab 14) – 2 questions • Review your urinalysis lab/results and be sure to understand what you did in lab, i.e., why do we see the results we see after ingesting particular solutions? • Name the instrument used to measure specific gravity **Remember to do the online quizzes available on our main Web site! **You will not need to bring a calculator - will be provided

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