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The Bufonidae Bunch

The Bufonidae Bunch. What You Should Know. Worldwide Except for Australia Not found in extreme, cold, dry, or island environments About 550 species and 34 Genera (according to Amphibian Web) 14 known species in the Northwest Parotid glands distinguish them from other families

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The Bufonidae Bunch

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  1. The Bufonidae Bunch

  2. What You Should Know • Worldwide • Except for Australia • Not found in extreme, cold, dry, or island environments • About 550 species and 34 Genera (according to Amphibian Web) • 14 known species in the Northwest • Parotid glands distinguish them from other families • White sticky poison • Can kill or paralyze predators, not toxic to humans • Skin can be used as a recreational drug

  3. Continued… • Known as “True Toads” • Body Structure • Shortened Limbs • Hind limbs used for walking or hopping • Dry Warty Skin • Parotid glands on the head located behind eyes • Reproduction • Lay eggs • Aquatic larvae • Terrestrial direct development • Viviparous

  4. Continued… • Characteristics shared within the family • Bidder’s organ present • Teeth absent from upper and lower jaw • Constrictor posterior muscle absent • Depressor mandible muscle originating solely from the squamosal • Inguinal fat • Skull highly ossified • Males develop nuptial pads http://www.californiaherps.com/noncal/northwest/nwfrogs/images/bbboreasfl406nuptialpad.jpg

  5. Bufoboreaus • Northwest species • Largest Western Toad • Habitat • Found in arid, brush, low lands • Nocturnal • Secretion has hallucinogenic properties http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/imgs/512x768/1111_1111/2222/0032.jpeg

  6. Bufonelsoni • Northwest species • Diurnal in spring and nocturnal in summer • Conservative actions kept this species from extinction • Defined whitish dorsal stripe http://www.fws.gov/nevada/nv_species/images/amargosa_toad_large.jpg

  7. Bufocanorus • Northwest species • Known as Yosemite Toad • High mountain, meadows, and forest • Seeks shelters in burrows • Diurnal http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/imgs/512x768/1111_1111/2222/0106.jpeg

  8. Bufoexsul • Northwest species • Known as Black Toad • Found only in marshes • Highly aquatic • Dirunal http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/imgs/512x768/0000_0000/0306/0113.jpeg

  9. Bufowoodhousii • Northwest species • Known as Woodhouse’s Toad • Variety of habitats • Whitish dorsal stripe • Prominent cranial crest http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/imgs/512x768/1111_1111/1111/8989.jpeg

  10. Bufobrauni • Tanzania • Known as Dead-leaf Toad • Endangered species • Recognized by reddish tint http://www.easternarc.org/posters/AmphPost/AmphPost/6.jpg

  11. Bufodebilis • Southern United States and Northern Mexico • Known as Green Toad • Endangered species because of habitat loss • Nocturnal http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Bufo+debilis

  12. Bufosurdus • Found in Iran • Known as the Iranian Toad • Used for pest exterminator • Nocturnal • Breeds during monsoon season http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bufo_surdus01.jpg

  13. Bufoolivaceus • Found in Pakistan and Iran • Known as Olive Toad • No cranial crest • Tadpoles feed on algae vegetation • Gray dorsum with darkish spotting on limbs http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/browse_imgs/amphibian_sci_20.html

  14. Bufo lemur • Found in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands • Known as Puerto Rican Crested Toad • Reproduction is sporadic • Highly depends on rainfall • Gold marbled eyes • Nocturnal http://www.coquipr.com/anf/sp.php

  15. Bibliography • Amphibian Species of the World • http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/ • Amphibia Web • http://amphibiaweb.org/ • Stebbins, R. (2003). Western reptiles and amphibians. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

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