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ANTIGONE (“An- tig -o-knee”, not “Anti-gone”). What are we learning?. This presentation is broken into two parts: 1. The author, Sophocles (“ Soph -oh- cleez ”) 2. The Tragic Hero. Sophocles (Pronounce this in your head). Sophocles. Lived 400-500 centuries B.C.
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What are we learning? • This presentation is broken into two parts: 1. The author, Sophocles (“Soph-oh-cleez”) 2. The Tragic Hero
Sophocles • Lived 400-500 centuries B.C. • Greek drama-writer, aka “Dramatist” • Greek play-writer, aka “Playwright” • “Reigning champion of Greek drama” & the “Golden Superstar of the Golden Age of Greece”…he was a pretty good writer • Wrote 123 dramas, won 24-30 competitions, and never placed less than 2nd…again, good
Aristotle • Aristotle was a Greek scholar and philosopher • Wrote ideas about tragedy in a book of literary theory called Poetics. • He outlined the characteristics of a tragic hero, a different type of character from what we know of as a hero. • AKA: Aristotle “invented” the “tragic hero.”
What are the qualities of a TRAGIC HERO? • Noble birth • Imperfect character • Tragic flaw (hamartia) • Too harshly punished for a crime • Change is experienced (dynamic!) • “Emotional cleanse” (catharsis) for the audience Explanations coming up!
Noble Birth • Character must be of a “high status” in society • He/she must possess nobility and virtue as part of their natural, or innate, character
Great, but not perfect • The character is not perfect • This enables the audience to identify with the character, even though they may be of different social class or economic status.
Tragic flaw • Called hamartia in greek terms • Typically an error in judgment • Usually a result of hubris= arrogance, pride or overconfidence • Always a result of personal choice • Not the result of destiny
Punishment exceeds the crime • The audience sees that the misfortune of the character is not entirely deserved. • Somehow the character’s punishment for their actions exceeds their crime
A change in the character • The fall of the character is not purely depressing • Something changes or takes place within the character • Awareness, self-knowledge, discovery
Catharsis • The conclusion of the story does not leave the audience depressed • The process arouses unhealthy emotions • The emotions are then cleansed through watching the play • This was not just entertainment, but believe to help the emotional health of the community.
So…what did you learn? • Pronounce the play we will be reading AND the author who wrote it. • What is the author’s profession & where did he write? • Who “invented” the archetype (model, template) of the tragic hero? • Call on students to recall and explain characteristics of the tragic hero. • Make a prediction…(make connections!)