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Developments of the Semantic Web at the Museum of the History of Science. Florence, 16 June 2003 Marco Berni. Main question:. How can we go ahead on Semantic Web and ontologies at IMSS?. Try to answer:. Evaluation of the achieved outcome How we can make an ontology Mesmuses experience
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Developments of the Semantic Web at the Museum of the History of Science Florence, 16 June 2003 Marco Berni
Main question: • How can we go ahead on Semantic Web and ontologies at IMSS? Semantic web at IMSS
Try to answer: • Evaluation of the achieved outcome • How we can make an ontology • Mesmuses experience • Beyond Mesmuses • Resources to make the ontology run • Critical points • Hypothesis on achievable results Semantic web at IMSS
Evaluation of the achieved outcome • Mesmuses prototypes are very useful samples of Semantic Web application • Allows data browsing with “intelligent” search • Opportunity to make searches not only on words, but on the meaning of words too (semantic search) • Test semantic search on a history of science domain Semantic web at IMSS
How we can make an ontologyMesmuses experience 1 • First try • Theoretical approach • Ontology was designed in order to model domain of historic science knowledge • No data were available. Need for a totally manual data input • Schema and instances were very subjective • Useful for itineraries, not for search Semantic web at IMSS
How we can make an ontologyMesmuses experience 2 • Second try • Bottom-up approach • Ontology was designed just looking to available databases • Deep analysis of databases structure in order to map relational structure on ontology concept/property • Data input from relational databases with little manual attendance • Schema and instances are quite “objective”, but at the moment don’t cover all the history of science domain • Useful for search Semantic web at IMSS
IMSS Ontology Extended Dublin Core How we can make an ontologyBeyond Mesmuses 1 IMSS Database ARAM – Multimedia Archive STS – Scientific Instruments ICONA – Ichonographic Archive IMSS Itineraries BIBLIO – Catalogue of the Library ARMU – Historical archives GT@ – GalileoTek@ etc. Semantic web at IMSS
IMSS Ontology Extended Dublin Core How we can make an ontologyBeyond Mesmuses 2 IMSS Database ARAM – Multimedia Archive STS – Scientific Instruments DCTitleDCCreator Creator InventorDCSubjectDCDescriptionDCPublisherDcContributor.PersonalNameDcContributor.CorporatelName User Receiver Giver Purchaser IsDedicated..... DCrelation IsVersionOf HasVersion IsReplacedBy IsRequiredBy Requires IsPartOf HasPart IsReferencedBy References IsFormatOf HasFormat..... ICONA – Ichonographic Archive BIBLIO – Books Catalogue ARMU – Historical archives GT@ – GalileoTek@ etc. Semantic web at IMSS
How we can make an ontologyBeyond Mesmuses 3 Scientific Places in Tuscany Old version • Plain hypertext • Links have not any semantics Semantic web at IMSS
How we can make an ontologyBeyond Mesmuses 4 Scientific Places in Tuscany Forthcoming version • Structured hypertext • Links have a semantics • e.g. Brunelleschi MAKER Dome Dome Brun. Maker Semantic web at IMSS
History of science community shared ontology IMSS ontology Institution 2 ontology Institution 3 ontology Institution 4 ontology Institution n ontology Web resource Web resource Web resource Web resource Web resource Web resource Web resource Web resource How we can make an ontologyBeyond Mesmuses 5 Semantic web at IMSS
How we can make an ontologyBeyond Mesmuses 6 • Start to re-design database for ontology and semantic search • Mapping of existing database schemas into classes and properties • Extended Dublin Core • IMSS specifics • Partial automatic indexing of data according to the mapping rules • Manual actions required to complete indexing process • Design an ontology valid for the whole history of science community Semantic web at IMSS
Resources to make the ontology run • Domain experts to map database to ontology • Software for data harvesting • Operators to manually adjust data • Portal • Schema / data loader • Browsing / searching engine • Graphical user interface • Set up a community-web and coordinate it • Produce (and agree on) a shared ontology • Share resources Semantic web at IMSS
Critical points • Ontology production • Integration between ontology and itineraries • Iterative construction of new ontology to make a better coverage of domain and data • User interface usability • Test of existing interfaces • Requirements to improve interaction effectiveness • Iterates many times this step • Agreement on a community web ontology for history of science • Impact of a schema modification on existing data • Have mapping of data to be redone? Semantic web at IMSS
Hypothesis on achievable results • Strongly improve access to IMSS documents and database • Provide a framework for history of science e-learning • Share navigable data with the community • Create an access point to the history of science resources on the web • Create a virtual museum of history of science on the web independently from the physical location of the objects Semantic web at IMSS