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Using CommunityViz at Rutgers University: The Tuckerton Case Study

Using CommunityViz at Rutgers University: The Tuckerton Case Study. Richard K. Brail Professor of Urban Planning Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy Rutgers University. Tuckerton case study at Rutgers. Fifteen graduate planning students in a one-semester 3 credit hour studio

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Using CommunityViz at Rutgers University: The Tuckerton Case Study

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  1. Using CommunityViz at Rutgers University: The Tuckerton Case Study Richard K. Brail Professor of Urban Planning Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy Rutgers University

  2. Tuckerton case study at Rutgers • Fifteen graduate planning students in a one-semester 3 credit hour studio • Three teams: • Scenario Constructor team developed both build-out and interactive projects • Policy Simulator team projected the future • The TownBuilder team experimented with alternative ways of rapid prototyping buildings and eventual built a set for Tuckerton • Studio spent the first part learning Cviz • Overall the studio was a “modest” success

  3. Alternative what-if approaches • “What if” impact analysis can be done at two levels: • Build out capacity analysis • Interactively • These two approaches were explored in Tuckerton • They use Scenario Constructor differently

  4. Build-out capacity analysis • A land use or zoning plan is the basis for estimating a range of impacts based on total build-out • Basically we are saying: “Look, folks, at the traffic and environmental consequences of building out to your plan.” • Underlying assumption is that many communities • overzone for commercial and industrial uses • emphasize low density residential development not integrated with accessible commercial nodes • Opportunity to introduce smart growth concepts (cluster development, etc.) into the discussion of a community’s future

  5. Interactive analysis • CommunityViz at its best • Add a building, watch the indicators change, see the results in 3D • Obviously, as one populates a landscape with new objects, the interactive approach approaches a build-out analysis • Assuming capacity limits are set Point themes are central, but build-out analysis often deals with impacts based on areas

  6. Different approaches • These two approaches reflect differences in planning philosophies and governmental ideology • Build-out analysis assumes a relatively strong degree of development control by planners and strong community support • Politicians respect the plan • There are limited efforts to undermine the plan (For example, zoning boards of adjustment support the plan) • CommunityViz can do a “built out” future

  7. Both are useful • Interactive analysis is more in tune with the market • Propose a new shopping center – what are the impacts? • Build a new home – how many children are added and what are the additional school costs? • Planners as reactors to market conditions and to developer behavior • The planner has limited control over development options

  8. Example of a build-out PSS • GOZ (Goal-oriented Zoning) developed by the Regional Planning Partnership, Princeton, New Jersey, is a good example of a capacity-driven impact model • GOZ has two missions: • Show the consequences of plans and zoning on the community in the long run • Promote the Regional Planning Partnerships regional plan • Smart growth options presented to show an alternate future • Uses polygon themes as inputs to impact analysis

  9. The GOZ Model Municipal master plans typically establish good goals relating to infrastructure management and environmental protection. Unfortunately, a disconnect often exists between these goals, the zoning ordinance, and the actual impacts or outcomes resulting from the land development process. Most people claim that they do not want dispersed low-density development, or "sprawl," but sprawl frequently results from the existing planning process. The key problem from the planning perspective is a lack of capacity-based planning. The local planning process pays far too little attention to demands upon roadway capacity, water and sewer capacity, and natural resource "carrying capacity." Current procedures to analyze carrying capacity are disjointed and expensive for local government to undertake. Many master plans and zoning ordinances are thus adopted without build-out analysis, traffic impact studies, or any other analysis of infrastructure or service needs. Thus, although most plans espouse fine goals, the municipalities do not have the proper information or tools for implementing the plans in order to achieve these goals.

  10. GOZ™ allows the user to:  1. Calculate the impacts of build-out under the existing zoning ordinance; 2. Calculate the impacts of build-out under The Regional Planning Partnership's VISION 2050 "smart growth" land use scenario; 3. Test the impacts of smart growth alternatives for compact, mixed-use development; and 4. Test the impacts of revisions to the existing municipal zoning ordinances. The impacts tested by GOZ™ cover the following areas: Housing units Non-residential development Population Employment School-age population Vehicle trips Vehicle miles traveled Drinking water demand Wastewater treatment demand Water pollution from run-off Air pollution from vehicles Road capital costs Utility capital costs School capital costs

  11. Tuckerton Study: basics of the student approach • Point themes generally used in analysis • Useful for moving to 3d • Formulas developed are quite simple – counts, sums and means • Students had difficulties • Sharing their work, slowing down the creation process • Creating and editing charts • Dealing with increments to a base (e.g., added population to a base) • A beginning effort, but judging by comments a useful learning experience

  12. Tuckerton Study: build-out approach • The approach poses interesting issues about indicator construction • Two scenarios created for a vacant area in Tuckerton • Scenario 1: Mixed residential: senior housing, single family, multifamily • Scenario 2: Single-family only • Different indicator sets developed for both • For example, population, household and water usage indicators constructed for both Scenarios 1 and 2

  13. Indicator: Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Description: VMT for ND1 Formula: !Total trips for ND1! * &vehicle miles traveled& Variables Influencing this Indicator: 1. vehicle miles traveled = 9 miles 2. Number of trips per household = 8.25 trips per household Other Factors Influencing this Indicator: 1. Indicator: Total trips for ND1 (trips/household/day) Formula: !TotalHH_ND1! * &Number of trips per household& 2. Indicator: TotalHH_ND1 (units) Formula: X.Count ([** scenario1:]) + !Total HH_Res_EX!

  14. 3. Indicator: Total HH_Res_EX (units) Description: The number of features in theme ** Parcel_centroids where Zoning = "PSC" + The number of features in theme ** Parcel_centroids where Zoning = "R100“ + The number of features in theme ** Parcel_centroids where Zoning = "R50“ + The number of features in theme ** Parcel_centroids where Zoning = "R75" Formula: X.Count ([** Parcel_centroids:], ([** Parcel_centroids:Zoning] = "PSC")) + X.Count ([** Parcel_centroids:], ([** Parcel_centroids:Zoning] = "R100")) + X.Count ([** Parcel_centroids:], ([** Parcel_centroids:Zoning] = "R50")) + X.Count ([** Parcel_centroids:], ([** Parcel_centroids:Zoning] = "R75"))

  15. Indicator: Average distance to bus stop (av_dis_BUS_ND) Description: The Sum of values from attribute distanceBus in theme ** Parcel_centroids where Zoning = "PSC" + The Sum of values from attribute distanceBUS in theme ** NewPoint where zoning = "R100SC" Formula: (X.Sum ([** Parcel_centroids:distanceBus], ([** Parcel_centroids:Zoning] = "PSC")) + X.Sum ([** scenario1:distanceBUS], ([** scenario1:zoning] = "R100SC"))) / !TotalHH_senior_ND!

  16. Interactive analysis • This team melded their work with the 3d team to produce an integrated product • The integration works at the interactive level • As an experiment, we populated the Tuckerton landscape with over a 1,000 buildings • Cviz was stable but the process of using polygon centroids as building points is not satisfactory at the detailed level • We were not able to build a realistic product at this large scale in our time frame

  17. (Indicator) Total Public Revenue Formula: !Public Municipal Revenue! + !School revenue! Variables Influencing this Indicator: 1. School tax rate = 0.82 Description: <none>  2. Market value of development = 100000 $ Description: Average value per unit  3. Property Tax Rate = 0.8 Description: <none>  4. Assessment factor = 95 Description: <none>

  18. Other Factors Influencing this Indicator: 1. Indicator: School revenue ($) Formula: &Market value of development& * !Total residential units! * &School tax rate& / 100 2. Indicator: Public Municipal Revenue ($) Formula: &Market value of development& * !Total residential units! * &Assessment factor& * &Property Tax Rate& / 100

  19. 3. Indicator: Total residential units (units) Description: The number of features in theme ** Tuckerton_parcels where Zoning = "R100" +The number of features in theme ** Tuckerton_parcels where Zoning = "PSC" +The number of features in theme ** Tuckerton_parcels where Zoning = "R50" +The number of features in theme ** Tuckerton_parcels where Zoning = "R75" +The number of features in theme ** Newbuildings where Zoning = "R-100" +The number of features in theme ** Newbuildings where Zoning = "R-100 SC" +The number of features in theme ** Newbuildings where Zoning = "R-50" +The number of features in theme ** Newbuildings where Zoning = "R-75" +The number of features in theme ** Newbuildings where Zoning = "MF" Formula: X.Count ([** Tuckerton_parcels:], ([** Tuckerton_parcels:Zoning] = "R100")) + X.Count ([** Tuckerton_parcels:], ([** Tuckerton_parcels:Zoning] = "PSC")) + X.Count ([** Tuckerton_parcels:], ([** Tuckerton_parcels:Zoning] = "R50")) + X.Count ([** Tuckerton_parcels:], ([** Tuckerton_parcels:Zoning] = "R75")) + X.Count ([** Newbuildings:], ([** Newbuildings:Zoning] = "R-100")) + X.Count ([** Newbuildings:], ([** Newbuildings:Zoning] = "R-100 SC")) + X.Count ([** Newbuildings:], ([** Newbuildings:Zoning] = "R-50")) + X.Count ([** Newbuildings:], ([** Newbuildings:Zoning] = "R-75")) + X.Count ([** Newbuildings:], ([** Newbuildings:Zoning] = "MF"))

  20. (Indicator) Open Space per 1000 population = 1.43208 acres per 1000 population ---- Description: Open space in acres per 1000 population Formula: !Area of open space! / !Total population! * 1000 Variables Influencing this Indicator: 1. Total population = 3517 persons Description: Total population Other Factors Influencing this Indicator: 1. Indicator: Total population (persons) Description: The Sum of values from attribute Population in theme ** Tuckerton_parcels + The Sum of values from attribute Population in theme ** Newbuildings Formula: &Total population&+ X.Sum ([** Newbuildings:Population]) 7. [Zoning] (** Newbuildings) Description: Prompt user for a value. Valid responses are "R-100", "R-100 SC", "R-75", "R-50", "R-400", "MF", "B-1", "B-2". Formula: X.UserChoice ("Select a value for 'Zoning'", "R-100", "R-100 SC", "R-75", "R-50", "R-400", "MF", "B-1", "B-2")

  21. 2. Indicator: Area of open space (acres) Description: The Sum of values from attribute Sq feet in theme ** Tuckerton_parcels where Zoning = "R400" + The Sum of values from attribute Sq_feet in theme ** Newbuildings where Zoning = "R-400" Formula: X.Sum ([** Tuckerton_parcels:Area], ([** Tuckerton_parcels:Zoning] = "R400")) + X.Sum ([** Newbuildings:Sq_feet], ([** Newbuildings:Zoning] = "R-400")) / #Square feet per acre#

  22. 3. [Population] (** Newbuildings) (persons) Description: Determine how to calculate this value based on another attribute in the theme: IF Zoning = "R-100 SC" THEN assign a value of 1.31 IF Zoning = "R-75" THEN assign a value of 3.02 IF Zoning = "MF" THEN assign a value of 2.22 IF Zoning = "R-100" THEN assign a value of 2.38 IF Zoning = "R-50" THEN assign a value of 2.38 OTHERWISE assign a value of 0 Formula: X.IIf (([Zoning] = "R-100 SC"), 1.31,([Zoning] = "R-75"), 3.02,([Zoning] = "MF"), 2.22, ([Zoning] = "R-100"), 2.38,([Zoning] = "R-50"), 2.38, 0)

  23. 6. [Sq_feet] (** Newbuildings) (sq feet) Description: Determine how to calculate this value based on another attribute in the theme: IF Zoning = "R-400" THEN assign a value of 217800 IF Zoning = "R-100" THEN assign a value of 10000 IF Zoning = "R-75" THEN assign a value of 7500 IF Zoning = "R-50" THEN assign a value of 5000 IF Zoning = "MF" THEN assign a value of 4000 IF Zoning = "R-100 SC" THEN assign a value of 10000 IF Zoning = "B-1" THEN assign a value of 5000 IF Zoning = "B2" THEN assign a value of 20000 OTHERWISE assign a value of 0 Formula: X.IIf (([Zoning] = "R-400"), 217800,([Zoning] = "R-100"), 10000, ([Zoning] = "R-75"), 7500,([Zoning] = "R-50"), 5000, ([Zoning] = "MF"), 4000,([Zoning] = "R-100 SC"), 10000, ([Zoning] = "B-1"), 5000,([Zoning] = "B2"), 20000, 0)

  24. 7. [Zoning] (** Newbuildings) Description: Prompt user for a value. Valid responses are "R-100", "R-100 SC", "R-75", "R-50", "R-400", "MF", "B-1", "B-2". Formula: X.UserChoice ("Select a value for 'Zoning'", "R-100", "R-100 SC", "R-75", "R-50", "R-400", "MF", "B-1", "B-2")

  25. Conclusion • The Tuckerton studio was well-received by graduate planning students • Cviz has the potential to be an excellent learning tool • Scenario Constructor works as a tool for teaching impact analysis

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