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What Is Imagery?

What Is Imagery?. Equivalent terms include visualization, mental rehearsal, mental practice. Imagery involves creating or recreating an experience in your mind. (continued). What Is Imagery?.

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What Is Imagery?

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  1. What IsImagery? Equivalent terms include visualization, mental rehearsal, mental practice. Imagery involves creating or recreating an experience in your mind. (continued)

  2. What IsImagery? A form of simulation that involves recalling from memory pieces of information stored from experience, and shaping these pieces into meaningful images. (continued)

  3. What IsImagery? Imagery involves all the senses: visual, kinesthetic, auditory, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory. Imagery involves moods and emotions.

  4. Types of Imagery Internal imagery ___________________________________________________ External imagery ___________________________________________________

  5. Keys to Effective Imagery Vividness Use all the senses to make images as vivid and detailed as possible. Exercise:

  6. Keys to Effective Imagery Controllability Learn to manipulate your images so they do what you want them to. Exercise:

  7. Uses of Imagery Improve concentration Relaxation Build confidence Control emotional responses - coping Acquire and practice physical sport skills Control pain Solve problems Acquire and practice strategy

  8. Does Imagery Work? Anecdotal reports: Jack Nicklaus, Olympic athletes and coaches Case studies: myself Multiple-baseline case studies: VMBR investigations with skiers and karate performers Experimental evidence: Many supportive experiments; 200+ However, imagery effectiveness depends on a number of factors.

  9. Factors in Effectiveness of Imagery Nature of the task: Skill level of the performer: (continued)

  10. Factors in Effectiveness of Imagery Imaging ability: Combination with practice:

  11. Developing an Imagery Training Program Tailor imagery programs to an athlete’s individual needs, abilities, and interests. The first step in developing an imagery program is evaluating the athlete’s imagery skills. Imagery must be practiced...should be built into an athlete’s daily routine.

  12. Developing an Imagery Training Program Imagery guidelines: Proper setting Relaxed concentration Realistic expectations; sufficient motivation Vivid and controllable images Positive focus (continued)

  13. Developing an Imagery Training Program Imagery guidelines: Use Videotapes; create them of yourself or use expert models Imagining execution and outcome Imagining in real time

  14. When to Use Imagery Before and after practice Before and after competition During breaks in action (in practice and competition) During personal time When recovering from injury Immediate correction of technical or mental mistakes (e.g., golf swing)

  15. How Imagery Works:Five Theories Psychoneuromuscular theory Symbolic learning theory Psychological skills hypothesis Bioinformational theory Triple code model

  16. Theory 1 How Imagery Works Psychoneuromuscular Theory Imagery programs muscles for action. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  17. Theory 2 How Imagery Works Symbolic Learning Theory Imagery helps us understand movement patterns. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  18. Theory 3 How Imagery Works Psychological Skills Hypothesis: Attentional Arousal Set Imagery ---> other mental skills ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  19. Theory 4 How Imagery Works BioinformationalTheory Images are made of stimulus and response propositions. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  20. How Imagery Works Theory 5 Triple CodeModel Imagery comprises the image, somatic response, and image meaning. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  21. Future of Imagery Neuroscience and imaging Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity http://www.bepress.com/jirspa/ Journal of Mental Imagery http://www.journalofmentalimagery.com/index.html Other applications and directions?

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