History of Benzene

1. 1824 - 1825 Isolated from burnt whale oil by Michael Faraday 1834 Eilhardt Mitscherlich finds benzene has formula of C6H6 1861 Loschmidt proposes structure for benzoic acid and aniline History of Benzene

2. 1824 - 1825 Isolated from burnt whale oil by Michael Faraday 1834 Eilhardt Mitscherlich finds benzene has formula of C6H6 1861 Loschmidt proposes structure for benzoic acid and aniline History of Benzene

3. History of Benzene 1865 Kekule has a dream 1865 Kekule invokes sausage diagrams Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France, 3, 98 (1865)

4. History of Benzene 1865 Kekule has a dream 1865 Kekule invokes sausage diagrams Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France, 3, 98 (1865) 1866 Kekule introduces ring model for benzene

5. Alternate Benzene Structures

6. Fig. 15-2, p. 521

7. Hückel’s Rules for aromaticity

8. Benzene electron distribution map p. 521

9. Fig. 15-12, p. 532

10. Hückel’s Rules for aromaticity Aromaticity vs. antiaromaticity

11. p. 523

12. p. 524

13. Hückel’s Rules for aromaticity Aromaticity vs. antiaromaticity Why 4n + 2 for aromatic and 4n for antiaromatic? Frost’s cycle

14. Benzene Molecular Orbitals Fig. 15-3, p. 522

15. Cyclopentadienyl ions

16. Fig. 15-11, p. 531

17. Fig. 15-5, p. 526

18. Fig. 15-7, p. 527

19. Fig. 15-9a, p. 529

20. Fig. 15-9b, p. 529

21. 5. 14-annulene • Aromatic • Antiaromatic • Neither

22. Pyridyl DHA Targets

23. Fig. 15-14, p. 535

24. p. 535

25. p. 540

26. p. 535

27. Aromatic Biomolecules • Amino acids • Nucleic acids

28. Fig. 15-8, p. 528

29. Fig. 15-9, p. 529

30. p. 533

31. p. 529

32. p. 533

33. p. 530

34. p. 540

35. p. 541

36. p. 337

37. p. 338

38. Table 9-2, p. 337

39. Summary

40. Fig. 9-16, p. 338

41. p. 340

42. p. 345