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Identification of the Primary Sources of Bacteria Loading in Selected Tributaries of Onondaga Lake

Identification of the Primary Sources of Bacteria Loading in Selected Tributaries of Onondaga Lake. Phase 1: Microbial Trackdown Study Onondaga Environmental Institute 102 W. Division St., 3 rd Fl. Syracuse, NY 13204 And Onondaga County Department of Water Environment Protection

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Identification of the Primary Sources of Bacteria Loading in Selected Tributaries of Onondaga Lake

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  1. Identification of the Primary Sources of Bacteria Loading in Selected Tributaries of Onondaga Lake Phase 1: Microbial Trackdown Study Onondaga Environmental Institute 102 W. Division St., 3rd Fl. Syracuse, NY 13204 And Onondaga County Department of Water Environment Protection 650 Hiawatha Blvd. Syracuse, NY 13204

  2. Phase I Microbial Trackdown Study • Funded by Onondaga County through Environmental Benefits Fund ($145k) • Project oversight by NYSDEC • Involved parties: • Onondaga Nation – USEPA • NYS Law Dept. – NYSDEC • Onondaga Co. – City of Syracuse • ASLF – OEI

  3. Background • Onondaga Creek Revitalization Plan • Examined fecal coliform and rainfall data 2000-2007 • 200 cfu/100 mL exceeded on annual average basis of dry weather days: • 16% at Dorwin Ave • 75% at Kirpatrick St. • CSO’s not solely responsible for bacteria release • Proposal to OLP in 2008 by OEI and OCDWEP • Sept. 2008: Phase I • Sept. 2009: Phase I supplemental

  4. Weather condition: Dry WeatherDays per year: 215 d/yr Light Precipitation73 d/yr Heavy Precipitation77 d/yr Comparison of Onondaga Creek Watersto Value of 200 cfu/100mL for Pathogens 48days 34days 14days 29days 181days 59days 4days 54days 162days 18days 55days 73days All data collected by Onondaga County between January 1, 2000 and Dec. 31, 2006. Weather data are collected at Metro sewage treatment plant.

  5. Purpose • Identify urban and rural sources • Measure season and spatial variability • Trace point source and non-point source releases • Pipes • Agricultural runoff • Septic systems • Sediment flux Age of Syracuse Sewer System, OEI 2010

  6. Methods • Sampling Period: • Phase 1: Sept. 2008 – June 2009 • Phase 1 supplemental: Sept. 2009 – Nov. 2009 • Dry weather only (< 0.08 inches of rain in previous 48 h) • Four tasks: • Routine sampling • Temporal sampling • Point source identification • Tributary trackdown

  7. 1. Routine Sampling • Bridge sampling • 8 events Sept – Nov. 2008 • 2 events April – May 2009 • Parameters: • Fecal coliform • Water quality: temp, DO, pH, conductivity, turbidity. Onondaga Creek Harbor Brook

  8. Routine Sampling Locations

  9. 2. Temporal Harbor Brook Onondaga Creek

  10. 3. Point Source Identification Initial • Any pipe, culvert, storm drain, crack in concrete • “Appreciable” discharge - ~1 L/min Follow-up • F. coli > 1000 cfu/100 mL • E. coli > 235 cell/100 mL • New sources ID’ed Supplemental • 46 target sources initially • Then only where F. coli > 200 cfu/100 mL

  11. Harbor Brook • Accessed by: • Stream bank • Wading

  12. Onondaga Creek • Accessed by canoe

  13. 4. Tributary Trackdown • April 8 & 22, 2009 • Sept. 21 & Nov. 19, 2009 • F. coli, E. coli, water quality Spring Brook Spring Brook City Line Brook City Line Brook

  14. Results

  15. 1. Routine: Harbor Brook (2008-2009)

  16. 1. Routine: Onondaga Creek (2008-2009)

  17. Routine Summary Harbor Brook Onondaga Creek • Bacteria levels relatively low • 2 samples > 1000 cfu/100 mL • Upstream of Velasko Rd., F. coli ≤ 210 cfu/100 mL • 38.5% of samples > 200 cfu/100 mL • No consistent pattern • Bacteria levels typically low • < 500 cfu/100 mL • Elevated levels observed at Dorwin October, 31 2008 • ≥ 900 cfu/100 mL • Levels highly variable downstream of Dorwin Ave. • 40 – 5000 cfu/100 mL • Identified & repaired sewage inputs: • Gifford St. collapsed pipe • Midland Ave. collapsed pipe

  18. Temporal Sampling Events October 20, 2009 – Onondaga Creek • Pulse releases • Post-peak bacteria levels recede, but not to pre-release conditions

  19. 2. Temporal (& routine 2008-2009)

  20. Temporal Summary Harbor Brook Onondaga Creek • One spike at Velasko Rd. • 2300 cfu/100 mL • No spikes observed at Fowler HS or Hiawatha Blvd. • All other samples < 420 cfu/100 mL • No correlation between parameters • ≥ 1 pulse(s) of bacteria from upstream source • Water quality relatively consistent, did not show sudden changes • Consistent w/ task 1 • Sources btwn. Elmhurst and Dorwin Aves. • 2 additional events Oct. 2009 • Similar pattern as in May and June 2009 • Bacteria 2x’s as high • Single intermittent source upstream of Clary Middle School footbridge

  21. 3. Point Source Identification

  22. Point Source Summary: Harbor Brook • 11 of 13 PS’s F. coli < 100 cfu/100 mL • High variability Point sources of concern:

  23. Harbor BrookPoint Sources of Concern • HB-PS100 [CSO 078] - Laundromat repair, confirmation needed • HB-PS101b [CSO 018] - Groundwater infiltration • HB-PS103 - DePalma St cross connect, not located • HB-PS112 - Potential release at Hiawatha Blvd • HBIS reconstruction may mitigate, • follow-up recommended

  24. Sewer Failures/Breaks • Sept 19, 2008 (or earlier?) – Oct 15, 2008 • Collapsed pipe at Gifford St. • Continuous discharge >>> CSO 036 • Volume/duration is unknown • April 11 - 20, 2009 Collapsed trunk sewer at Midland Ave. & W. Corning Ave. Continuous discharge >>> CSO 067 (Newell St.) Volume = 4.5 million gal

  25. Gifford Street Sewer Collapse

  26. Post Gifford Street Sewer Repair

  27. Onondaga CreekPoint Sources Fecal coliform concentrations (cfu/100mL) & Flow (estimated gpm)

  28. Onondaga Creek Point Sources Average point source load discharged into Onondaga Creek within a 12-hour period (Sampling period September 2008 - November 2009)

  29. Point Source Summary: Onondaga Creek • 6 sources – significant discharge in fall (250-3600 cfu/100 mL FC); not flowing in spring • 10 sources > 200 cfu/100 mL • 3 > 10,000 cfu/100 mL • OC-PS21 & OC-PS61 consistently > 10,000 cfu/100 mL • OC-PS22 & OC-PS23 consistently > 1000 cfu/100 mL • 11 sources identified as potential concern and recommended for follow-up

  30. Onondaga CreekPoint Sources of Concern* major sources • *OC-PS25 - City repair at Longmeadow & Hilton Streets • *OC-PS69 [CSO 067] - sewer collapse & repair • OC-PS11 - High levels, sporadic source • OC-PS71 - Limited data: High levels - sporadic source • OC-PS70 - Limited data • OC-PS20 [CSO 037] - Potentially high concentration - continuous very low to low flow – Byrne Dairy release • Follow-up Recommended

  31. Onondaga CreekPoint Sources of Concern* major sources • OC-PS61 - Very high levels-continuous low flow • *OC-PS21 - severe levels-continuous low flow • OC-PS76 [CSO 028] -Limited data: high levels-continuous low flow • OC-PS22 – Very high levels–sporadic source • OC-PS23 [CSO 080, EBSS] – High level-continuous moderate flow (ACJ 4th stipulation) • Follow-up Recommended

  32. Supply Water Leaks(No evidence of sewage) • OC-PS17 • OC-PS54 • OC-PS56 • OC-PS59 • OC-PS60 • OC-PS20 [CSO 037] Follow-up Recommended

  33. 4. Tributary Trackdown • Fall 2008 • 3 tributaries > 4000 cfu/100 mL • Trackdown results (2009) • Hopper Brook North consistently btwn 200-550 cfu/100 mL • Hopper Brook South, Spring Brook diversion (PS03), & City Line Brook • Bacteria levels varied • Kimber Brook, Spring Brook, & Cold Brook • Bacteria free

  34. Phase 1 Conclusions & Recommendations • Identified sources of concern in Harbor Brook, Onondaga Creek & Tribs • Systems showed spatial and temporal variability • Better understanding (multiple causes)of dry weather discharges (residual CSO, ex-filtration to sub sewers/cross connects, or infiltration) • Identified and subsequently remedied several bacteria sources • More rigorous sampling design and analysis strategy • Compliance benchmark – added events to AMP sites • AMP sort data by dry v. wet weather • OC flow control verify dry weather discharge at CSOs at manhole • More comprehensive mapping • Focus on dry-weather conditions, yet interpret alongside CSO monitoring • Shared information • Add/focus on priority point-source sampling

  35. Moving Forward… • Phase 2 Microbial Trackdown Study: June 2012 • Onondaga Creek, Harbor Brook, & Ley Creek • Tasks • Routine & Priority Point Source – 3x’s/mo. • Temporal • Point Source Identification • Tributary Trackdown • Upper Onondaga Creek • 21 sites upstream of Dorwin Ave. • 20 events June – Sept. 2012

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