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Space Policy Issues

Space Policy Issues. - Space Choke Points -. 12 December, 2012. Traditional Orbital View. >13,000 Space Objects Confuses Users as to Possible Attack Patterns Developing. Satellite Attack Warning (SAW).

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Space Policy Issues

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  1. Space Policy Issues - Space Choke Points - 12 December, 2012 UNCLASSIFIED

  2. Traditional Orbital View UNCLASSIFIED >13,000 Space Objects Confuses Users as to Possible Attack Patterns Developing

  3. Satellite Attack Warning (SAW) Military Choke Point:A region of earth or space where systems of military consequence concentrate due to operational, environmental or geophysical constraints. GEO Red Objects In Normally Blue Zone MEO LEO Space Has Choke Points As In Terrestrial Systems – They Just Are Not Stationary UNCLASSIFIED

  4. SAW – Icons • Based on Mil-Std-2525B • 220 New Space Icons Friend Neutral Unknown Adversary Make SAW Maps Similar to Terrestrial Situation Maps UNCLASSIFIED

  5. SAW – View 1 Satellite Altitude Increase Space Objects Orbital Changes Are Easy to Identify UNCLASSIFIED

  6. SAW – View 2 COSMOS 2421 Breakup UNCLASSIFIED Space Debris Clouds & Their Source Can Easily be Viewed

  7. SAW – SDIZ Space Defense ID Zones (SDIZ) SSA Detection Zones Help Partial Out Operational Responsibility UNCLASSIFIED

  8. SAW – Simulated Attack Against GPS New Space Objects Conducting GEO Transfer Orbital Maneuvers Red Objects Approaching Blue GPS Zone Major Maneuvers of Space Objects are Easily Visualized UNCLASSIFIED

  9. SAW – “Dead” Stages as Anti-Satellites (ASATS) Launch Vehicle Stages With Hidden ASAT Capabilities Orbital Change Over Time Simultaneous Attack Maneuvers Can Easily be Detected UNCLASSIFIED

  10. SAW – Multiple Attacks Against One GPS Red Rocket Stages Have Large State Change Scores for RADAR Cross Sections (RCS)[Stages Have Changed Orientation] Space Objects Playing Dead Can be Detected With Unusual Movements UNCLASSIFIED

  11. Space Choke Points NOAA 18 Red Satellite-1 USA 106 USA 172 SAUDISAT 2 RADARSAT-I ORBVIEW-02 Red Satellite-2 SNAP-1 Space Junk CERISE Hohmann Maneuver Envelopeat 100 M/sec Delta-V There are Many Potential Sources of Attack UNCLASSIFIED

  12. Sun-Synchronous Choke Points 80 m/s Delta-V 500 m/s Delta-V 3607 m/s Delta-V 2826 m/s Delta-V 523 m/s Delta-V Delta-V Required for2-Burn HohmannTransfer Rendezvous to Appear LikeAnother Satellite 2543 m/s Delta-V 641 m/s Delta-V 144 m/s Delta-V 448 m/s Delta-V 1317 m/s Delta-V 430 m/s Delta-V 26 m/s Delta-V 688 m/s Delta-V 459 m/s Delta-V Satellites Can Maneuver to Confuse Targeting Assets UNCLASSIFIED

  13. Example Attack LocationsOptimized for Space Surveillance Some Parts of a Satellite's Orbit May Be More Vulnerable than Others UNCLASSIFIED

  14. Threat Envelope Chart (TEC) View 1 Some Orbits are Easier to Maneuver to Than Others UNCLASSIFIED

  15. Example Threat Envelope View 2 Circle Size Denotes Amount of Delta-V to Reach Target From This Position In Space Gray Boxes DenoteLocations of Dead Space Objects Black Boxes DenoteLocations of Live Satellites Red Asterisk DenotesLocation of Target Color of Circle Denotes Amount of Time to Reach Target From This Position In Space Some Regions of Space May be More Threatening than Others UNCLASSIFIED

  16. Example Threat Envelope View 3 UNCLASSIFIED

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