Outdoor Pursuits

1. Outdoor Pursuits " Life is either a daring adventure or nothing at all. "Helen Keller

2. Course requirements • $85.00 fee paid by February 1st (cheque to HHS or Cash) • Student participation form completed. Theory • There will be theory taught in the; classroom, outdoors, and gym there will be tests on all theory. • Students will be expected to keep a duo-tang with all notes, handouts, and assignments; this will be collected and marked periodically. • There will be 3 major term projects spaced out over the term. (one written MLA format, one class presentation, one video) • Reading Response; read a novel, article, report etc. relevant to outdoor pursuits. (I will need to approve) Practical • Students are expected to actively participate in all activities. • Students will need both gym cloths and WARM outdoor clothing , we will spend as much time as possible outdoors) • There will be practical skills evaluation in a number of areas. Out Trips/Community Projects • There will be trips planned for both outside school hours and during school time. These will be a major part of the Outdoor Pursuits experience and students will be marked on participation and performance as well as follow up assignments ie. Trip journal • Garden Project and Fitness Park will be our school/community based projects this year.

3. Compulsory Core • Fitness • Map & Compass • Planning an out trip • Group Relations • Cooking • Shelter/Sleeping • Equipment • First-Aid (CPR) • Leadership • Survival • Evaluation • Fire • Knots • Activities • General Fitness • Leadership games • Archery • Backpacking (weekend trip) • Canoe (weekend trip) • X-Country Skiing (Day trip) • Winter Camp /Snowshoeing (Weekend trip) • Camp Glenburn (Day trip) • Orienteering • Community Garden

4. Out Trips Term #2Dates may change due to weather • X Country Ski – February 8th Period 1,2,3. • Poley Mt Skiing- February 22nd • Camp Glenburn Leadership training– ½ day Trip, April • Spring Hike – One night, one Day May • Canoe Trip – One night, ½ day June Community Projects • Garden Project

5. 11-0 Outdoor Pursuits Term Projects Term #1 • Project #1 Essay Due February 28th • Article 1 Due March 15th • Project #2 Presentation Due March 29th • Article 2 Due April 19th • Project #3 Video Due April 30th • Article 3 Due May 17th

6. #1 Environmental Issues Research Essay Due February 28th • You must choose an environmental issue, it could be local, national or global, and write an essay in MLA format consisting of: • A topic approved by me • 3 pages typed double spaced • Format; Times New Roman, 12 • Complete work sited page at least 4 sources. • Please be aware that cut and paste (plagiarism) will be closely monitored, make sure you reference appropriately.

7. #2 Class Presentation / Demonstration . Due March 29th • You must choose a piece of equipment or an activity, related to outdoor pursuits ie. camping, canoeing etc. and prepare a presentation for the class using posters, power point, samples etc. • Your topic must be approved by me • 5 to 10 minute presentation to the class (this could be lecture or hands on format) • A 1 to 2 page presentation overview to be handed in before presentation.

8. #3 Informational Video Due April 30th • You, and a partner if you wish, will create and informational “HOW TO VIDEO” on a topic we have or will cover in our Outdoor Pursuits class. Refer to Handout; Compulsory Core, Activities, Fitness. • Your topic must be approved by me • 5to 10 minute video to show to the class. • One week prior to presentation you will hand in a story board with script and overview of your video.

9. #4 Reading Response • Read 3 newspaper or magazine articles related to outdoor adventure, must be approved by me and hard copy included, write a review of each article. • 1 double spaced page for each assignment. (12 font)

10. Basic Equipment Inventory • What do you have access to on the list? • Cold weather gear: • Winter jacket (ski) • Ski pants • Winter boots (warm!) • Dry fit shirt (long sleeve) • Long underwear • Fleece tops • Fleece pants • Warm gloves (mitts) • Winter hat • Rain coat and pants • Running shoes • Hiking Boots/shoes • Gym shorts/pants and tops • Equipment: • Snow shoes • X Country skis equipment • Downhill ski equipment • Hiking back pack • Tent 2 person • Tent 4 person • Tent 6 person • Sleeping bag summer • Sleeping bag winter • 1 person sleeping pad • Back pack stove • Hip waders • Rubber boots • Other _________________________________________________________________________________

11. Hope for the best plan for the worst! You and 4 of your friends are going for a day hike, 3 hours in 3 hours out, in a remote hilly wooded area of Northern New Brunswick, it’s November (no cell service). What five items should you take knowing there is a chance that you might be stranded. Note that you are only allowed five items per team, not per person. Write the items on paper and be prepared to discuss and defend your choices with the whole group.

12. 8 Essentials for survival • Attitude • Shelter • Water • Food • Fire • Signaling • Navigation • First Aid

13. Cold Weather Survival

14. Winter Activity Preparation • Clothing • Footwear, socks • Hats, Gloves, Mittens • Weather watch • Frost bite • Shelter • Ski • Snow shoe

15. BODY HEAT LOSS The body loses heat in five ways: Respiration Evaporation Conduction Radiation Convection.

16. Dress For Success Layering

17. Layer #1 Next to skin • The main job of this layer is to wick sweat away from your skin, then dry quickly so you don't get chilled. • Cotton sucks at this because it takes forever to dry. • My favorite base layers are wool or wool blends. They are very efficient, warm when it's cold, cool when it's hot, and they don't stink like so many synthetics do. • Synthetic materials (polyesters dry-fit) also make good base layers, and people with very sensitive skin often find wool itchy, so dry-fit makes a good wicking, quick-drying option.

18. Layer #2 Insulation • This is the layer that traps your body heat. • It can range from lightweight fleeces and wool sweaters to puffy down jackets; it just depends on the season. • In all but the coldest of weather, your insulation will remain in your pack while hiking etc., so your body heat can escape. • But as soon as you stop moving, put it on so you won't get cold as your sweat dries.

19. Layer #3 Shell • The job of a shell is twofold: • It cuts the wind and keeps you dry. • In summertime, you can get away with a light wind shell, but for more challenging weather and extended trips, you want a waterproof/breathable shell (like Gore-Tex or eVent) that keeps water out, but lets sweat vapor escape, so you don't get wet from perspiration inside your layering system.

20. Example The guiding principle of layering is that you are regularly adding and removing layers to keep your body temperature even. An example; I start off on cold morning wearing my base layer a fleece and shell. As my body warms up, I stop to remove the shell. At lunch break, a breeze picks up, I immediately put the shell back on. After lunch the sun is out and it all comes off (except the base layer) and I start my activity. A late afternoon snow storms roll in. I throw on my fleece, and shell and open up the pit zips (underarm vents) and continue activity. I always make sure my extra layers are conveniently located in the outer pockets of my pack, so I can always reach them. http://www.backpacker.com/layering-101-dressing-for-winter-camping-hiking/videos/114

21. Footwear • Water proof • Insulated, thinsulite measured in grams, felt • Socks, Wool blends • Height depends on activity

22. Hats, Gloves, Mittens • 70% of heat loss through your head • Hat with wool blends for warmth and a hood to cut wind. • Water proof/resistant Gloves for warmer weather and activities that need fingers to function • Water proof/resistant Mittens for colder activities

23. Weather watch • Always check weather before heading out for an activity • Temperature • Wind, wind chill • Precipitation • Short and long range • Understand weather changes rapidly and is dependent on the area you are in be prepared http://www.theweathernetwork.com/weather/canb0088 http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures/wntrstm.htm

24. Frostbite Head, hands and feet Frostbite occurs when tissues freeze, happens when you are exposed to temperatures below the freezing point of skin. Superficial frostbite, you may experience burning, numbness, tingling, itching, or cold sensations in the affected areas. The regions appear white and frozen. Deep frostbite, decrease in sensation that is eventually completely lost. Swelling and blood-filled blisters are noted over white or yellowish skin that looks waxy and turns a purplish blue as it rewarms. May even appear blackened and dead.

25. Frostbite Treatment • Protect your skin from further exposure. If you're outside, warm frostbitten hands by tucking them into your armpits. Don't rub the affected area and never rub snow on frostbitten skin. • Get out of the cold. Once you're indoors, remove wet clothes • Gradually warm frostbitten areas. Put frostbitten hands or feet in warm water 40 to 42 C. Wrap or cover other areas in a warm blanket. • Don't walk on frostbitten feet or toes if possible. This further damages the tissue. • If there's any chance the affected areas will freeze again, don't thaw them. If they're already thawed, wrap them up so that they don't become frozen again. • Get emergency medical help If numbness or sustained pain remains during warming or if blisters develop, seek medical attention.

26. NEVER!

27. HYPOTHERMIA http://www.flickclip.com/flicks/guardian.html Describes the rapid, progressive mental and physical collapse accompanying the chilling of the inner core of the human body. Hypothermia is caused by exposure to cold, aggravated by wet, wind, and exhaustion. It is the number one killer of outdoor recreationalists.

28. COLD KILLS IN TWO DISTINCT STEPS;EXPOSURE AND EXHAUSTION • The moment your body begins to loose heat faster than it produces it, you are undergoing exposure. Two things happen: • You voluntarily exercise to stay warm. • Your body makes involuntary adjustments to preserve normal temperature in the vital organs, and you start shivering.Either response drains your energy reserves. The only way to stop the drain is to reduce the degree of exposure.

29. THE TIME TO PREVENT HYPOTHERMIA IS DURING THE PERIOD OF EXPOSURE AND GRADUAL EXHAUSTION • If exposure continues until your energy reserves are exhausted: • Cold reaches the brain depriving you of good judgment and reasoning power. • You will lose control of your hands. • Your internal temperature is sliding downward. Without treatment, this slide leads to stupor, collapse, and death. • You will not realize this is happening.

30. AVOID EXPOSURE 1.STAY DRY. When clothes get wet, they lose about ninety percent of their insulating value. Wool loses less as does many of the new synthetics. Cotton and wet down are worthless.2.BEWARE OF THE WIND. A slight breeze carries heat away from bare skin much faster than still air. Wind drives cold air under and through clothing. Wind refrigerates wet clothes by evaporating moisture from the surface. WIND MULTIPLIES THE PROBLEMS OF STAYING DRY. If you have been in the water and you are wearing a T-shirt that is wet remove it and you will retain more heat. Direct sunlight on the skin helps in the warming process.3.UNDERSTANDING COLD. Most hypothermia cases develop in air temperatures between 1 and 10 degrees Celsius. Most outdoor enthusiast simply can't believe such temperatures can be dangerous. They fatally underestimate the danger of being wet at such temperatures. Bay of Fundy averages 6 to 10 degrees Celsius

31. TERMINATE EXPOSURE • BE SMART ENOUGH TO GIVE UP REACHING THE PEAK, OR WHATEVER YOU HAD IN MIND. • Get out of the wind and rain. Build a fire. Concentrate on making your camp or bivouac as secure and comfortable as possible http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMgNxA9DONg&feature=related

32. Pay attention! • NEVER IGNORE SHIVERING • BEWARE OF EXHAUSTION • APPOINT A LEADER

33. Signs and Symptoms • If your group is exposed to WIND, COLD, OR WET, think hypothermia. Watch yourself and others for the symptoms: 1.Uncontrollable fits of shivering.2.Vague, slow, slurred speech.3.Memory lapses, or incoherence.4.Immobile, fumbling hands.5.Frequent stumbling. 6.Drowsiness (to sleep is to die.)7.exhaustion. Inability to get up after a rest.

34. TREATMENT of HYPOTHERMIA The victim may deny he/she is in trouble. Believe the symptoms, not the person. Even mild symptoms demand immediate treatment. • Get the victim out of the wind and rain. • Strip off all wet clothes. • If the victim is only mildly impaired: • Give him/her warm drinks. (only small amounts) • Get him/her into dry clothes and a warm dry sleeping bag. • Well-wrapped warm (not hot) rocks or canteens placed in the crotch and under the arms anywhere the main arteries are close to the surface of the skin, will hasten recovery.

35. TREATMENT of HYPOTHERMIA • If the patient is semi-conscious or worse: • Try to keep him/her awake. (Do not give hot liquids by mouth.) • Leave him/her stripped. Put him/her in a sleeping bag with another person (also stripped) to transfer heat. If you can put the victim between two donors, skin to skin contact is very effective treatment. • Build a fire to warm canteens and rocks for warming the victim. • Transport the victim as soon as possible to the closest hospital for monitoring. It takes a very long time to warm the inner core DON'T DELAY!

36. HYPOTHERMIA in WATER • Loss of body heat to the water, is a major cause of deaths in boating accidents. Often the cause of death is listed as drowning; but, often the primary cause is hypothermia. It should also be noted that alcohol lowers the body temperature around two to three degrees by dilating the blood vessels. http://www.backpacker.com/survival_skills_how_to_prevent_hypothermia/videos/50 http://www.backpacker.com/2012-january-reader-survival-escapes-hypothermia/survival/16235

37. Winter Shelter Designed to: • Insulate • Protect from wind • Protect from storms • Require a lot of energy to make

38. Quinzhee • A quinzhee begins with people mounding snow which is then allowed time to settle. • Hollowed out to make low-ceilinged living space for temporary human shelter inside the frozen snow mound.

40. Snow Cave side slope Snow Trench flat ground

41. Lean-to, Tree pit, Tent, Tarp

42. Winter Trip Planning • Weather forecast • Mode of transportation; ski, snowshoe, 4 wheeler etc. • Destination; accessibility, cell reception, distance, map etc. • Shelter; tents, natural • Clothing • Food; stove, meal plan, fire • Water • First Aid and emergency plan

43. Telemark Skiing Http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsIx1ctM0kM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYu2KDYpwXo • Started as a mode of transportation for people in snow bound countries. • Could be used on flat or hilly terrain. • Often used for hunting and trapping. • Downhill/Cross Country

44. Cross country Skiing • Classic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G3Vue10ItXg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGwPXhqNfwg • Skate Skiing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brGZlZkCwyk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8DVbQOdm94

45. Downhill Skiing • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-FTj-alwDs