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IEM0240 Biomedical Electronics

IEM0240 Biomedical Electronics. R auno Gordo n Thomas Johann Seebeck Department of Electronics Senior research fellow. Bioelectric processes in cells and tissues 1. ÜLEVAADE. Electronic prosthetic means. Cardiac pacemakers and cardioverters/defibrillators. hearing aids.

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IEM0240 Biomedical Electronics

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  1. IEM0240Biomedical Electronics Rauno Gordon Thomas Johann Seebeck Department of Electronics Senior research fellow Bioelectric processes in cells and tissues 1

  2. ÜLEVAADE Electronic prosthetic means. Cardiac pacemakers and cardioverters/defibrillators. hearing aids. For vision impaired and other prosthetics. Physiological monitoring, Cardiac monitoring. Bio-electronic stimulators and electronic means in therapy. Aspects of system design. Circuit design. Galvanic isolation. Electrical power supply. Normatives and standards. Conclusions. Introductory lecture. Bioelectrical processes in cells and tissues. Biolectrical phenomena and signals. Electrical bio-impedance. Electrical bio-impedance applications. Electronic circuits for the pick-up of the biopotentials. Electronic circuits for pick-up of the biopotentials (continued). Electrical Bio-Impedance (cont. 2). Rauno Gordon

  3. ÜLEVAADE • Loeng 1Bio-electrical phenomena and signals. • Bioelectrical processes in cells and tissues. • Koed • Veri • Nahk • Rakk • Rakumembraan • Elekter rakus • Närvirakk Rauno Gordon

  4. KUDE Rauno Gordon

  5. ÜLEVAADE • Loeng 1Bio-electrical phenomena and signals. • Bioelectrical processes in cells and tissues. • Koed • Veri • Nahk • Rakk • Rakumembraan • Elekter rakus • Närvirakk Rauno Gordon

  6. VERI:* vere plasma (55% ruumalast;vesi, vere proteiinid, anorgaanilised elektrolüüdid) * punased verelibled (erütrotsüüdid, 44% ruumalast) * valged verelibled (leukotsüüdid - immuunsüsteemi rakud, 1% ruumalast). Rauno Gordon

  7. VERI:* vere plasma (55% ruumalast;vesi, vere proteiinid, anorgaanilised elektrolüüdid) * punased verelibled (erütrotsüüdid, 44% ruumalast) * valged verelibled (leukotsüüdid - immuunsüsteemi rakud, 1% ruumalast). Rauno Gordon

  8. VERI:kõik vererakud pärinevad algsest tüvirakust: hemotsütoplastist Rauno Gordon

  9. ÜLEVAADE • Loeng 1Bio-electrical phenomena and signals. • Bioelectrical processes in cells and tissues. • Koed • Veri • Nahk • Rakk • Rakumembraan • Elekter rakus • Närvirakk Rauno Gordon

  10. NAHK koosneb:stratum corneum (kuivad surnud rakud pinnal)epidermis (ilma veresoonteta kiht, saab toitu dermisest)dermis (koosneb sidekoest ja kaitseb keha; dermise ja epidermise vahel on siduv membraan; sisaldab närvilõpmeid, mis tunnevad puudutust ja temperatuuri) Rauno Gordon

  11. NAHK (siin epidermis) Rauno Gordon

  12. NAHK Rauno Gordon

  13. juuksekarv Rauno Gordon

  14. Juuksekarv d = 18-80 μm Rauno Gordon

  15. Kõõlused koosnevad peamiselt kollageen-kiududest. Rauno Gordon

  16. ÜLEVAADE • Loeng 1Bio-electrical phenomena and signals. • Bioelectrical processes in cells and tissues. • Koed • Veri • Nahk • Rakk • Rakumembraan • Elekter rakus • Närvirakk Rauno Gordon

  17. tsütoplasma RAKK vakuool lüsosoom tuumake tsentrioolid tuum mitokonder ribosoom vesiikul endoplasm. retiikulum Golgi kompleks tsütoskelett endoplasmaatiline retiikulum Rauno Gordon

  18. RAKK 3D animatsioon raku sees toimuvast: http://www.studiodaily.com/main/searchlist/6850.html Pikem versioon kommentaaridega:http://multimedia.mcb.harvard.edu/anim_innerlife_Hi.html Veel animatsioone rakuprotsessidest: http://multimedia.mcb.harvard.edu/media.html Rauno Gordon

  19. RAKK DNA Rauno Gordon

  20. RAKK DNA, kromosoom Rauno Gordon

  21. RAKK mõõtmed Rauno Gordon

  22. RAKK • Rakud kinnituvad teineteise külge: • cell-adhesion molecules • cell junctions • the extracellular matrix Rauno Gordon

  23. ÜLEVAADE • Loeng 1Bio-electrical phenomena and signals. • Bioelectrical processes in cells and tissues. • Koed • Veri • Nahk • Rakk • Rakumembraan • Elekter rakus • Närvirakk Rauno Gordon

  24. RAKK Rakumembraan Rauno Gordon

  25. RAKK Vesiikul Rakumembraan Rauno Gordon

  26. RAKK Rakumembraan (lipiidmembraan) Rauno Gordon

  27. ÜLEVAADE • Loeng 1Bio-electrical phenomena and signals. • Bioelectrical processes in cells and tissues. • Koed • Veri • Nahk • Rakk • Rakumembraan • Elekter rakus • Närvirakk Rauno Gordon

  28. RAKK Ioon-kanalid rakumembraanis: Rakupotentsiaal on -73 mV.(puhkepotentsiaal) Ioonid: Sodium (Na+ ioonid) Potassium (K+ ioonid) Chloride (Cl- ioonid) Võivad liikuda mööda kanaleid. Rauno Gordon

  29. RAKK Raku ergastumine toimub, kui ületatakse potentsiaalilävi. Peale ergastumist taastatakse algne potentsiaal. Närvirakud signaliseerivad, Lihasrakud tõmbuvad, ... Rauno Gordon

  30. ÜLEVAADE • Loeng 1Bio-electrical phenomena and signals. • Bioelectrical processes in cells and tissues. • Koed • Veri • Nahk • Rakk • Rakumembraan • Elekter rakus • Närvirakk Rauno Gordon

  31. Närvirakk Närvirakk ajukoores Rauno Gordon

  32. Närvirakk Rauno Gordon

  33. Närvirakk Ergastuse levik mööda aksonit. Müeliin kiirendab signaali levikut. Rauno Gordon

  34. Närvirakk Müeliini rakud ümber aksoni. Rauno Gordon

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