Safe Movements: Road Safety’s Growing Importance in Sustainable Development Ryan Duly

1. Safe Movements: Road Safety’s Growing Importance in Sustainable Development Ryan Duly Road Safety Advisor

2. Global Road Safety Overview 1

3. Global Road Safety Overview 1 2 Impacts of Road Crashes

4. Global Road Safety Overview Global RS Institutions 1 2 3 Impacts of Road Crashes

5. Global Road Safety Overview Global RS Institutions 1 2 3 4 Future Directions in Development Policy Impacts of Road Crashes

6. Global Road Safety Overview Safe Systems Global RS Institutions 1 2 3 4 5 Future Directions in Development Policy Impacts of Road Crashes

7. Global Road Safety Overview Road safety is situated within the larger TRANSPORT DEBATES: POSITIVES: • Road transportation provides benefits to both nations and individuals by facilitating the movement of goods & people, promoting trade • Enables increased access to jobs, economic markets, education, recreation and health care NEGATIVES: • Road transport places considerable burden on people’s health – RTIs and respiratory illnesses • Negative economic, social and environmental consequences - air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, limited oil and gas, noise pollution

8. Global Road Safety Overview • 1.27 million deaths a year – similar to number of infectious diseases (malaria, Hepatitis, TB) • 20-50 million non-fatal injuries globally – important cause of disability • 90% of road traffic fatalities are in low and middle-income countries (only 48% of world’s registered vehicles) • Global economic losses due to RTIs estimated at USD 518 billion • USD 65 billion lost in developing countries – more than development assistance provided

9. The majority of road traffic deaths occur in low & middle-income countries The majority of road traffic deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries

10. By 2015, RTIs will be the leading DALY among children in developing countries

12. IMPACTS of ROAD CRASHES

13. Impacts of Road Crashes • Public Health and Disability: • Strain on health care services: financial resources, and demand for doctors/nurses • In Asia, RTIs are one of the top 5 causes of permanent disability in children • RTIs are leading cause of brain injury globally • Post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety, behavioural problems observed in children following involvement in a road crash • In Asia, 20%-60% of children who have lost parents or caregivers are from road crashes

14. Impacts of Road Crashes • Poverty and Development • Economic cost of road crashes is greater than the amount of development assistance provided by donor countries • Cost to families: driven into poverty by cost of medical care, the loss of the family breadwinner, funeral costs, suffer negative social, physical, psychological effects • Bangladesh Survey: poor families more likely to suffer. 70% reported that household income, food consumption, food production decreased after a road death. 61% had to borrow money as a result of the death • http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/331/7519/710

15. Impacts of Road Crashes • 2009 Survey on Cambodian peri-urban households • demonstrated negative effects of RTIs on families . • Findings included: • 21% reduction in per capita income • Poorest households and households with serious injuries fared worse

16. Impacts of Road Crashes • 2009 Survey on Cambodian peri-urban households • demonstrated negative effects of RTIs on families . • Primary school dropouts were 8x the provincial average • Women bore burden of care – reducing their time to make an income for household

17. Road Safety and Development • 2009 Survey on Cambodian peri-urban households • demonstrated negative effects of RTIs on families . • Higher infant mortality than provincial rates • Some evidence that household health deteriorated after the accident (maternal health, child health)

18. Road Safety and Development Global Road Safety is seriously under resourced - under USD 10 million/ year invested in RS in low / middle income countries Commission for Global Road Safety. Make Roads Safe. 2009

19. Impacts of Road Crashes • Why are Road Traffic Injuries Ignored? • They are individual events, not newsworthy • Road user is almost always seen at fault for being involved • Victim of fate or bad luck • Lack of information on true scale of disaster • When public is unaware of problem, willing to take more risks • Road crashes seen as unintended consequence of transport system. Safety is not prioritized • If road safety is not a high profile issue, less political will and resources to deal with problem • Often the poor who are most vulnerable – invisible group

20. Impacts of Road Crashes • Why are Road Traffic Injuries Ignored in Development Policy? • No sector owns the issue – cross-cutting (global and country level) • Low funding and small sub-components attached to road infrastructure projects • Few dedicated road safety professionals in multi-lateral institutions (WB, UN, regional commissions) • Overlooked in the Millennium Development Goals and other important frameworks such as World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002) • High-income country aid agencies do not have road safety programmes. Their expertise lies with Transport ministries, with no funding for bilateral missions • Little global advocacy for higher profile of issue amongst civil society

21. “The human cost of transport is notpaid by global business but by [Asians]”

22. Global RS Institutions

23. Global RS Institutions • Key Milestones: • 1998: IFRC World Disasters Report: “road crashes are a worsening global disaster destroying lives and livelihoods, hampering development and leaving millions in greater vulnerability” • 2004: WHO/WB World Report on RTI Prevention : highlighted problem and identified risk factors, offered comprehensive reccomendations to reduce problem • 2004 – 2009 UN Resolutions : Road safety linked to sustainable development and established UNRSC, World Remembrance Day, • 2009 - Global Status Report on Road Safety, UNICEF Child Injury Report: Measured RS Progress worldwide, global attention on report, situation of children • Safe Systems Approach: Promoted by WHO (2004), OECD and International Transport Forum (2008) - recommended that all countries adopt this system

24. Global RS Institutions Global Road Safety Partnership (GRSP) Global Road Safety Facility (WB) FIA Foundation (Make Roads Safe) UN Road Safety Collaboration (WHO)

25. Global RS Institutions • Goals: • Forging partnerships with govts, private sector, NGOs, donors to collaborate on RS interventions in developing and transition countries • Building sustainable local partnership organisations to work with government in delivering elements of a national or local road safety plan. • Sharing knowledge about good practice and lessons learned from ongoing projects Global Road Safety Partnership (GRSP) • Launched: 1999 by the World Bank, hosted by the IFRC • Members • Private ( oil/gas companies, major car companies, others) • IOs (IFRC, WHO, ADB, WB, UNESCAP, SIDA, DFID) • NGOs/Institutions (ARRB, Fia Foundation, NHTSA, TRL) • HIB (declined request to join membership) • HIB’s Strategic View: ???

26. Global RS Institutions

27. Global RS Institutions Global Road Safety Facility (WB) November 2005: WB announced the creation of the GRSF – first ever worldwide funding mechanism for RTI prevention GRSF aims to increase funding and technical assistance to enable low/middle income countries to develop their own road safety action plans, and to implement the recomms of the World Report, funds RS research The GRSF will manage funds arising from the 10 Year AP proposed by the FIA Foundation (USD 300 million) HIB’s Strategic View: ???

28. Global RS Institutions

29. Global RS Institutions UN Road Safety Collaboration (WHO) Goal: To facilitate int’l cooperation / strengthen coordination among UN agencies, other int’l partners to implement UN Resolutions and recomms of World report Launched: 2004 – Chaired by WHO Funded by: World Bank’s Global Road Safety Facility, FIA Foundation Members (70+): UN orgs, NGOs, government agencies, private sector, GRSP, FIA , HIB • Activities: • Meet 2 times / year – exchange info and progress, plan for major events • Development of GPMs (helmet, speeding, drink-driving etc..) • Works with General Assembly to pass road safety resolutions • Ministerial Meeting on road safety – Moscow 2009 • HIB Strategic View: ???

30. Global RS Institutions • Goal: • Promoting improvement in the safety of drivers, passengers, pedestrians and other road users. • Conducts research and educational activities • Offering financial support to third party projects through grants programme. • Launched: 2001 • Funded by: FIA (motorsports) • Members: 153 from motoring clubs, motorsports and nonprofits FIA Foundation (Make Roads Safe) • Activities: • Established Commission for Global Road Safety (Make Roads Safe Campaign , UN Ministerial Conference, Decade of Action) • iRAP (USD 180m), World Bank’s GRSF • Seatbelt manuals/ pedestrian safety and crossing/Promoting Helmets (AIPF) • HIB Strategic View: ???

31. Global RS Institutions Make Roads Safe is an international campaign to put global road traffic injuries on the G8 and UN sustainability agendas. Objectives: Recognition by the G8 and international community that global road traffic injuries represent an urgent public health emergency and a major development challenge.

32. Global RS Institutions • Key Recommendations • A $300 million, 10 year Action Plan to promote multi-sector national road safety in low and middle income countries • 50% fatality reduction target • Managed by the World Bank Global Road Safety Facility (implemented by UNRSC members, GRSP, iRAP) • 10% of all road infrastructure projects committed to road safety design, community wide initiatives; • A Ministerial Conference on Global Road Safety held in Moscow Nov 2009 under UN to review implementation of the World Report recommendations; • Activities of 10 Year Plan: Capacity-building, assessment and research, institutional capacity, reducing risk factors, post-crash interventions

33. Global Developments 2010 and beyond • Bloomberg Foundation - 100 million + (10 countries) • ADB-ASEAN – regional/national projects • Private Sector – GRSI 2 (GRSP), UNRSC network • Global Youth RS NGO • AIPF – USD 35 million

34. Future Directions in Development Policy

35. Road Safety and Development Road Safety is an “enabler” in achieving the MDGs

36. Future Directions • UN Resolutions 2004-2009: • - Recognized need of UN to deal with road safety, links road safety with sustainable development • Encourages member countries to prioritize road safety as public health issue, and use the WHO World Report 2004 as the basis for policy and implementation (risk-factors: speeding, drink-driving, helmet-wearing, infrastructure, seatbelts) • Stresses need to focus on vulnerable road users – improvements in public transport, pedestrian and cyclist facilities • Confirms WHO as coordinator of RS issues within UN • Highlights importance of Regional Commissions (UNESCAP) to advocate member countries to focus on road safety (ie. Established expert meetings on RS in Asia) • Highlights importance of multi-sector and multi-stakeholder involvement and collaboration

37. Future Directions • World Bank 2006: Social Analysis in Transport Projects • Objective: To include social development into road projects, and to reduce risks • associated with building new roads • Road Safety: • Recognition that there are other road users beyond motorized transport • (pedestrians, non-motorized transport, street vendors) • Reduces impact of road projects for poor and vulnerable users • Take into account the traffic mix of developing countries • Social Assessment conducted before, mid-point, and after road project (Do risks exist from increased road safety problems as a result of improved roads?)

38. Future Directions • World Bank Transport Business Strategy 2008-2012: Safe, Clean, and Affordable… Transport for Development: • Strategy: Making Transport Safer and Cleaner - more support to reduce health problems such as RTAs • “Safety can be made integral to the design and management of the road transport system, just as it is in the management of other transport modes, aviation in particular” • Legislation and institutions (infrastructure design, vehicle standards, driver requirements) • Safety practices (enforcement, driver training, vehicle inspections) • Results focused ( targets, data-driven strategies, accountability) • Road Safety components within infrastructure projects • Stand-alone projects • Cross-sector approaches (road safety components in health programs) • Harmonized / Coordinated with other banks such as Asia/Africa Dev Banks)

39. Future Directions UN Convention on the Rights of the People’s with Disabilities HIB’s vision of “a world in which all forms of disabilities can be prevented, cared for or integrated, and in which the rights of people with disabilities are respected and applied”. Preventative activities within the road safety programme help to fulfill HIB’s mission, which is “to help people with disabilities to regain their independence, dignity and rights” HIB’s road safety intervention is committed to align with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Related articles in the Convention include: Article 9: Accessibility – to transport and to physical environment Article 20: Personal Mobility – facilitating mobility in manner and time of their choice at affordable costs (public transp, driving licenses)

40. Future Directions • Development for All: Towards a Disability-Inclusive Australian Aid Programme 2009-2014 • First Australian strategy to guide Australia’s overseas aid programme towards • development that includes, and deliberately focuses on, people’s with disabilities • Core outcomes: • Supporting PwDs to improve quality of life by promoting and improving access to the same opportunities for participation, contribution, decision making, and social and economic well-being as others (focus on better access to education and infrastructure) • Reducing preventable impairments (blindness and road crashes) – compelling humanitarian, social and economic reasons . Careful investment can lead to significant progress. • Accessible infrastructure also provides a safer environment for all (including older people, pregnant women and parents with young children) and it helps reduce accidents • Road Safety – helmet wearing campaigns (Vietnam), rehabilitating roads , funding for the Global Road Safety Facility

41. Future Directions Accra Declaration. Ministerial Round Table – African Road Safety Conference. Feb 2007 • Countries present: Burkina Faso, Burundi, Burkina Faso, Congo • Commits Ministers to improving road safety in Africa • Calls for road safety to be included in road infrastructure projects, and in G8 development • assistance • Recommendations: development priority for African nations, funding from donors, • mainstream road safety in road infrastructure, data collection, rural road safety, • strengthen partnerships • Active organizations: UNECA, African Union Commissions, GRSF, FIA Foundation, GRSP, • Accra Declaration is the foundation for Africa Decade of Action • African Regional Trade Corridor Road Safety Initiative (in partnership with Total)

42. Future Directions DFID Strategy (White Paper) 2009: Chapter on Promoting Economic Recovery and Greener Growth: “2.101. Increasing numbers of vehicles on the roads can lead to higher numbers of poor people killed or injured in road crashes….to help prevent this, the UK will become a sponsor of the GRSF and support the November 2009 Ministerial Conference in Moscow” • SIDA: Road Safety in Development Cooperation 2006 • Road safety is a global health issue, linked to poverty reduction and sustainable economic development • “Road safety must be recognized not as a technical matter for transport specialists but as a cross-cutting issue in all activities where transport is involved in one way or another” • Apply principles of a rights-based perspective and perspective of poor • people on development, roads should be safe and accessible for all road users, including persons with disabilities. • Follows the safe system approach in their road safety strategy (Vision Zero)

43. Future Directions Road Safety will become a greater priority from 2010 onwards, in terms of funding for activities, greater understanding of link with sustainable development, and increased attention in development policy and donor strategies particularly in Asia and Africa

44. Safe Systems Approach

45. Safe Systems Approach Safe System Approach: Philosophy: The human body is vulnerable. Human makes mistakes, therefore crashes will happen. In the event of the crash, the road system should be designed to expect and accommodate human error Strategy: If a crash occurs, the impact energies are not enough to create serious injury or death Based on Sweden’s Vision Zero and being promoted by WHO, WB, GRSP as the comprehensive approach for developing countries

46. Safe Systems Approach Setting speed limits according to the safety of the road and roadside Risk of fatal injury related to impact velocity Safer speeds

47. Safe Systems Approach Encouraging consumers to purchase safer vehicles with primary safety features Safer Vehicles

48. Safe Systems Approach Safer roads and roadsides Designing and maintaining roads/roadsides to reduce risk to as low as reasonably practical

49. 2. With all the cars travelling in the same direction, roundabouts eliminate head-on collisions and left-hand turns

50. 3. Because drivers are anxious to merge into traffic, they slow down which helps to reduce crashes