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simple diffusion

Dispatch pg 88—Draw AND summarize this diagram in your big notebook using the terms: low concentration gradient, high concentration gradient, protein, lipid bilayer, ATP. simple diffusion. facilitated diffusion. ATP. active transport. Getting organized.

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simple diffusion

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  1. Dispatch pg 88—Draw AND summarize this diagram in your big notebook using the terms: low concentration gradient, high concentration gradient, protein, lipid bilayer, ATP simplediffusion facilitateddiffusion ATP activetransport

  2. Getting organized • Draw an outline of procedures for parts A, B, C in your packet Write questions that you have for each section • Note, page 7 out of order in packet

  3. Lab report • 1 page background on topic • Graphs for parts A, C • All 3 data tables • 2 page discussion on why for A, B, C

  4. Movement of Water • Diffusion • Random movement of molecules from an area of HIGH concentration to a LOW concentration • Eventually reaches DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

  5. Osmosis • Movement of WATER through a semi-permeable membrane, from areas of high water concentration to area of low water concentration

  6. Osmosis • Things that can affect the movement of substance across membranes • Gravity Pressure Solute concentration

  7. Water Potential • High water potential = Purer water, LESS SOLUTE • Low water potential = less water, MORE SOLUTE

  8. Osmotic Potential • The pressure required to stop the osmotic movement of water across a membrane

  9. Maintaining Structure • Tugor • Water pressure within cells that maintains rigid cell walls • Plasmolysis • Loss of turgor in cells • Water diffuses OUT of cells

  10. Objectives After doing this laboratory, students should be able to • measure the water potential of a solution in a controlled experiment • dermine the osmotic concentration of living tissue or an unknown solution from experimental data • relate osmotic potential to solute concentration and water potential

  11. Set up of a gradient • Outside the cell represented by the cup • Inside the cell represented by dialysis tubing

  12. Part A • Make a predication, based on your knowledge of molecular size & movement, which molecule will move in or out of the tubing. • Cups will have water, bags will have 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 M of sucrose

  13. Logistics • 1) Leave space in “cell”. Tie knot at the end of the tubing • 2) Groups combine data, 1 group can make 2 bags, 1 group can make 3 bags Tables 1,2,3 Tables 4 +5 Tables 6+7 Tables 8 +9 3) Beakers not labeled so record color 4) Label cups

  14. Tube Contents Initial Mass Final Mass Percent Change in Mass Distilled Water 0.2 M Sucrose 0.4 M Sucrose 0.6 M Sucrose 0.8 M Sucrose 1.0 M Sucrose • Fill in data, calculate changes • Graph changes, make calculations

  15. Part B—Use Elodea cells to view plasmolysis. This must be verified • PLASMOLYSIS

  16. Part C • Design an experiment to show how much water and sugar is in a potato. • Independent____________ • Dependent_______________

  17. To leave copy in NOTEBOOK • Data table for C • hypothesis

  18. Part C – Osmosis in Living Cells • Find change in mass in potato cores surrounded by different sucrose solutions over 24 hours. • Graph changes, find potato molarity • Calculate water & osmotic potential 1.0 M sucrose Distilled Water 0.2 M sucrose 0.4 M sucrose 0.6 M sucrose 0.8 M sucrose

  19. Logistics • Be safe when using knife • Make sure potato pieces are similar sizes • Label cups

  20. Dispatch 1) Label each side as hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic 2) What is plasmolysis? 3) What needs to be in this lab report? 4) What would you ask a former Lawndale student who is now in college?

  21. Annotate water potential paper and answer 1-2

  22. Last 3 assignments of the semster—FRQs + Final + Diffusion lab report Morris’ Office Hours T—Lunch W—Lunch Th—Lunch + After school Fr—After school

  23. 3 assignments + ways to get a high score • 2 FRQs…work through all 10 possible FRQs • Final……flashcards + review book • Lab……..do it! Ask questions Bring an approved calculator, no cell phones

  24. Lab report • 1 page background on topic • 2 data tables for parts A, C • 2 Graphs for parts A, C • Descriptions before and after for part B • 2 page discussion on why for A, B, C • Packet with questions answered Turn in quality work—there may not be time for retakes

  25. Calculator Policy • A four-function calculator (with square root) is permitted on both the multiple-choice and free-response sections of the AP Biology Exam since both sections contain questions that require data manipulation. No other types of calculators, including scientific and graphing calculators, are permitted for use on the exam. Scientific calculators have a more complicated, multi-row layout that includes various special-use keys, including ones for trigonometric and logarithmic functions such as SIN, COS, TAN, TRIG, LOG, and LN. In contrast to scientific calculators, four-function calculators do not include trigonometric and logarithmic functions, statistical capabilities, or graphing capabilities. Students may bring up to two four-function calculators (with square root) to the exam. Four-function calculators have a one line display 1) simple layout of numeric keys (e.g., 0-9) 2) arithmetic operation keys (e.g., +, -, ×, and ÷) 3) limited number of special-use keys (e.g., %, +/-, C , and AC). 4) Simple memory buttons like MC, M+, M-, and MR may also be included on a four-function calculator. Advice: Go to 99cent store

  26. Concentration of water Direction of osmosis is determined by comparing total solute concentrations Hypertonic - more solute, less water Hypotonic - less solute, more water Isotonic - equal solute, equal water hypotonic hypertonic water

  27. Osmosis is just diffusion of water Water is very important to life, so we talk about water separately Diffusion of water from HIGH concentration of water to LOW concentration of water across a semi-permeable membrane

  28. Water Potential • Water potential (MegaPascal, or Ψ) is the sum of pressure potential (ΨP) and solute potential (ΨS): Ψ = ΨP + ΨS. • The addition of solutes reduces water potential (to a negative value). • Application of physical pressure increases water potential. • The increased physical pressure can reverse the effects of the solutes . • A negative pressure reduces water potential (on the other side).

  29. Do you understand Osmosis… .05 M .03 M Cell (compared to beaker)  hypertonic or hypotonic Beaker (compared to cell)  hypertonic or hypotonic Which way does the water flow?  in or out of cell

  30. Managing water balance Cell survival depends on balancing water uptake & loss freshwater balanced saltwater

  31. Managing water balance Hypotonic a cell in fresh water high concentration of water around cell problem: cell gains water, swells & can burst example: Paramecium ex: water continually enters Paramecium cell solution: contractile vacuole pumps water out of cell ATP plant cells turgid = full cell wall protects from bursting 1 KABOOM! No problem,here freshwater

  32. Pumping water out Contractile vacuole in Paramecium ATP

  33. Managing water balance Hypertonic a cell in salt water low concentration of water around cell problem: cell loses water & can die example: shellfish solution: take up water or pump out salt plant cells plasmolysis= wilt can recover 2 I’m shrinking,I’m shrinking! I willsurvive! saltwater

  34. Managing water balance Isotonic animal cell immersed in mild salt solution no difference in concentration of water between cell & environment problem: none no net movement of water flows across membrane equally, in both directions cell in equilibrium volume of cell is stable example:blood cells in blood plasma slightly salty IV solution in hospital 3 That’sperfect! I couldbe better… balanced

  35. Plasmolysis • Plasmolysis is the process in plant cells where the cytoplasm pulls away from the cell wall due to the loss of water through osmosis. This occurs in __________solution.

  36. Your tasks 1) Calculate % change in mass for A + C (Final mass-Initial mass / Initial mass )X100= 2) Figure out which color solution is 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and confirm with Morris 3) Graph part C (look at zucchini set up) 4) Share with group WHYs for each part (Hypertonic, hypotonic, water potential, diffusion/osmosis, sucrose, membrane, water etc) 5) Outline FRQs or make flashcards for final

  37. Calculator Policy • A four-function calculator (with square root) is permitted on both the multiple-choice and free-response sections of the AP Biology Exam since both sections contain questions that require data manipulation. No other types of calculators, including scientific and graphing calculators, are permitted for use on the exam. Four-function calculators have a one line display and a simple layout of numeric keys (e.g., 0-9), arithmetic operation keys (e.g., +, -, ×, and ÷), and a limited number of special-use keys (e.g., %, +/-, C , and AC). Simple memory buttons like MC, M+, M-, and MR may also be included on a four-function calculator. • Scientific calculators have a more complicated, multi-row layout that includes various special-use keys, including ones for trigonometric and logarithmic functions such as SIN, COS, TAN, TRIG, LOG, and LN. In contrast to scientific calculators, four-function calculators do not include trigonometric and logarithmic functions, statistical capabilities, or graphing capabilities. Students may bring up to two four-function calculators (with square root) to the exam.

  38. 12 min dispatch—Take out FRQ for final and annotate 1 question, then solve below (use aproved calculator)

  39. What happens to a protein after translation? • Pick up a script and practice with a partner. • http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp04/0402002.html • Answer is your notebook what happens to a protein AFTER translation pg 104-109 • Pg 138—Exocytosis and endocytosis

  40. Dispatch

  41. Dispatch 1) Draw and explain exocytosis. Use the book pg 138 2) What would Darwin say about genetic engineering? Use book pg 397 and your knowledge of Darwin 3) What would Darwin say about Hardy-Weinberg? 3) The allele frequency of dominant is 0.7, what percent of population is heterozygous? Take out FRQ paper

  42. Biotechnology Combining DNA of 2 or more species

  43. Insulin is made by using recombinant DNA

  44. So are crops

  45. And our meats

  46. Tools—copy on pg 88 DNA scissors are restriction enzymes. These cut the desired genes. DNA glue is ligase. This is used to glue the 2 pieces of DNA together. Plasmid is the circle DNA from a bacteria. When bacteria reproduce they make multiple copies of the gene for us

  47. Transport in humans and plants • What do humans transport? How? • What do plants transport? How? Hint pg 775

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