Various Concerns for the New Nation: The Federalist Era

1. What kind of government would we have? Would there be a strict or loose interpretation of the Constitution? George Washington was elected on April 16, 1789. Various Concerns for the New Nation: The Federalist Era

2. The Washington Administration • They had to create a new form of government. • How would the new nation raise revenue and pay off its debts? • How would revenue be raised for defense? • Judiciary Act of 1789- expands the court system.

3. Judiciary Act of 1789 • States that the Supreme Court will have a Chief Justice and five associate justices. (This has increased over time.) • There will be three circuit federal courts and 13 federal district courts. • Section 25- allowed for state court decisions to be appealed in federal court. • “Supreme law of the land’

4. Washington also Expands the Executive Branch • In 1789 Congress created three other Cabinets • Department of War-Henry Knox • Secretary of State-Thomas Jefferson • Secretary of the Treasury- Alexander Hamilton • Also, Attorney General-Edmund Randolph

5. Both of these founding fathers had strong feelings on the political direction of the new nation Various Opinions: Jefferson vs. Hamilton

6. Jefferson Plan • Favored States’ Rights • Distrusted a strong central government • Favored an Agrarian( farming) based economy. • Most of Jefferson’s support came from the South and West.

8. Hamilton’s Economic Plan: • Wanted to manage the countries foreign and domestic debts. • Wanted the federal government to assume the debts of the states. • Southern states were outraged because they felt that they would be taxed in order to help Northern states pay off their state debts.

10. The National Bank • Another Hamilton Idea • The National Bank would issue paper money and handle tax receipts. • Hamilton wanted investors to support the new government. • The bank had many critics, including Jefferson and James Madison because they thought it to be unconstitutional. • Loose vs. strict interpretation

11. Increased Political Divisions • The philosophies of Jefferson and Hamilton became more and more distinct. • Jefferson’s supporters became known as Democratic-Republicans or Anti-Federalists. • Hamilton's supporters were Federalists. • It eventually led to a two party system

12. Further Political Division • The biggest difference between the two parties was their opinions on the size of the federal government. • Tensions arose between the federal and state governments ( mostly over taxes). • Protective tariff-goods produced in Europe (for revenue).

13. Whiskey Rebellion • Hamilton’s economic plan called for an excise tax on the, “manufacture, sale or distribution of whiskey”. • Many of the Scots-Irish settlers in the mountains of Pennsylvania refused to pay the tax. • They beat up tax collectors ( tarred and feathered)!

16. Results of the Whiskey Rebellion • Washington leads 15,000 troops into the disputed territory(occurred during his second term). • This was the first time that a federal law was enforced on the state. • The rioting settlers disbanded without firing a shot!

17. Washington’s Farewell Address

18. Washington Farewell Address • Washington’s farewell address was isolationist in nature. • It also warned against ‘ entangling alliances with other countries. • In addition, it warned against political parties. ( i.e. federalist and anti- federalist)

19. Common Core Standard • CE.C&G.1.3 • Evaluate how debates on power and authority between Federalists and Anti-Federalists have helped shape government in the United States over time (e.g., Hamilton, Jefferson, Madison, Federalist Papers, strong central government, protection of individual rights, Elastic Clause, Bill of Rights, etc.).

20. Assignment One • Primary Source Document Analysis- -go to the following website and read Washington’s farewell address. If possible, you may print the excerpt. -http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/farewell/text.html

21. Assignment Two • After reading Washington’s farewell address, please write a three page persuasive essay addressing the following prompt: • “ America has, or has not held true to Washington’s warnings. In other words, have we listened to his advice? • Discuss your essay with your classmates if possible.