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AP Physics Chp 31

AP Physics Chp 31. Nucleons Proton Electron Neutron. Isotopes - different number of neutrons. Nuclide notation Z = atomic number A = mass number. Electrostatic Force between protons would never allow them to stay together

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AP Physics Chp 31

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  1. AP Physics Chp 31

  2. Nucleons • Proton • Electron • Neutron

  3. Isotopes - different number of neutrons

  4. Nuclide notation • Z = atomic number A = mass number

  5. Electrostatic Force between protons would never allow them to stay together • Strong Nuclear Force exists between protons and neutrons when they are very close together

  6. Stability of isotopes • As protons increase the number of neutrons has to increase by an even greater amount to offset the electrostatic force between protons

  7. Mass Defect • All the nucleons added don’t equal the atoms mass. Energy is released when combined.

  8. Types of radioactive decay • Alpha particle – helium nucleus

  9. Beta particle – high energy electron

  10. Gamma ray – just a packet of energy

  11. Positron production – similar to electron • Electron capture – inner-orbital electron

  12. Radioactive decay is a 1st order rate system

  13. Activity • Disintegration per time • Becquerel = 1 disintegration/s Bq

  14. Radioactive Dating • Decay Series Parent to Daughter • Detectors

  15. Neutrino • Very small mass and not much interaction with matter • Usually released in other decays

  16. Electroweak Force • Weak nuclear force, electromagnetic force Gravitational, Strong Nuclear, Electroweak are the fundamental forces

  17. Living things have 1.66x10-13 % carbon-14 but if you test a sample and it only has 3.22 x 10-17 % how long since it died? Half-life is 5730 yrs.

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