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Engineering Education & Entrepreneurship

Engineering Education & Entrepreneurship. By DR T.H. CHOWDARY Director: Center for Telecom Management and Studies Fellow: Tata Consultancy Services Chairman: Pragna Bharati (intellect India ) Former: Chairman & Managing Director Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited &

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Engineering Education & Entrepreneurship

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  1. Engineering Education & Entrepreneurship By DR T.H. CHOWDARY Director: Center for Telecom Management and Studies Fellow: Tata Consultancy Services Chairman: PragnaBharati (intellect India ) Former: Chairman & Managing Director Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited & Information Technology Advisor, Government of Andhra Pradesh T: +91(40) 6667-1191(O) 2784-3121® F: +91 (40) 6667-1111 hanuman.chowdary@tcs.com Talk @ Gudlavalleru Engineering College: 7th May 2012

  2. Why we commemorate Lives of great men all remind us we may make our lives sublime and departing leave behind us foot prints on the sands of time. -Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth The heights by great men reached and kept Were not attained by sudden flight But they, while their companions slept Were toiling onwards through the neigh   -Anon Empires of the future will be empires of the mind -Winston Churchill S667_May 2012

  3. What is Education (1) • Education is a liberating force, enables the individual to rise form mere materiality to superior planes of intellectual and spiritual consciousness . •  Education gives us accumulated lessons of heritage to carry it forward to posterity . • The past is our foundation, the present our material, the future our aim and summit. Each must have its due and natural place in a national system of education. – Sri Aurobindo S667_May 2012

  4. We want that education by which character is formed, strength of mind is increased, the intellect is expanded and by which one can stand on one’s own feet. Education is the manifestation of the perfection already in man - Swami Vivekananda What is Education (2) S667_May 2012

  5. I firmly believe the efficacy of the education as a panacea for our social evils - Dr.B.R. Ambedkar Education is the process of individual mind getting its full possible development…. It is a long school which losts a life time -Dr Zakir Hussain Vidyayaa Vindate AmritamAatmanaa Vindate Veeryam-Deathlessness is attained by knowledge Valour is attained by self (discipline) What is Education (3) S667_May 2012

  6. What is Education (4) • Education should address the problems of national development, particularly issues concerning self-reliance, economic growth, employment and social and national integration. • Education is visualised as an evolutionary force so that each individual is enabled to evolve from purely material consciousness towards superior planes of intellectual and spiritual consciousness -The Education Commission (1966) S667_May 2012

  7. What is Education (5) • Education aims at liberation - liberation from bondage and ignorance, backwardness and gravitational pulls of the lower human nature.Education should be so designed as to become a powerful carrier of the best of the heritage and it should, therefore, aim at transmitting to the new generations the lessons of the accumulated experiences of the past for further progress in the present and the future. Source: “Higher Education in India – Vision and Action” GOI’s paper for UNESCO Oct. 1998) S667_May 2012

  8. Visionary Inventors & Engineers * We will produce electricity So cheap that only the rich Can afford to burn candles - Thomas Alva Edison * “What a waste” - Sir M.Visveswarayya On seeing the water fall at Jog ( Karnataka); waste of potential energy “Swadeshi Cotton Mills” -& TISCO (1907) – Jamshedji Tata * Engineer Visionaries: • KL Rao, AN Khosla, KanwarSain, Vikram Sarabhai, APJ Kalam S667_May 2012

  9. Technology: Force of Light or Darkness Many of the best engineers had a strong sense of the deeper philosophical issues of right and wrong and of good and evil . Technology, in and of itself , could be a force of light or darkness.  (From: “A Google Story” by David A. Vise and Mark Malseed -page 178)  If those who think to achieve, Have a firm and focussed mind. They will realize what they thought of, And even as they have thought of. - Thirukkural S667_May 2012

  10. Higher education to be left to private enterprise “Higher education should be left to private enterprise and for meeting national requirements whether in the various industrial, technical arts, belles-letters or fine arts. The State Universities should be purely examining bodies, self-supporting through the fees charged for examinations. Universities will look after the whole of the field of education and will prepare and approve courses of studies in the various departments of education. No private school should be run without the previous sanction of the respective Universities. University charters should be given liberally to anybody of persons of proved worth and integrity, it being always understood that the Universities will not cost the State anything except that it will bear the cost of running a Central Education Department . The foregoing scheme does not absolve the State from running such seminaries as may be required for supplying State needs.” -Mahatma Gandhi, Harijan, 2 October 1937 S667_May 2012

  11. Professional Colleges by Companies I would revolutionise college education and relate it to national necessities. There would be degrees for mechanical and other engineers. They would be attached to the different industries which should pay for the training of the graduates they need. Thus, the Tatas would be expected to run a college for training engineers under the supervision of the State; the (Textile) Mill Associations would run among them a college for training graduates whom they need. Similarly for the other industries that may be named. Commerce will have its college. There remain arts, medicine and agriculture. Several private arts colleges are today self-supporting. The State would, therefore, cease to run its own Medical colleges would be attached to certified hospitals. As they re popular among monied men, they may be expected, by voluntary contributions, to support medical colleges. And agricultural colleges to be worthy of the name must be self-supporting. I have a painful experience of some agricultural graduates. Their knowledge is superficial. They lack practical experience. But if they had their apprenticeship on farms which are self-sustained and answered the requirements of the country, they would not have t gain experience after getting their degrees and at the expense of their employers.   -Mahatma Gandhi, Harijan, 2 October 1937 S667_May 2012

  12. Engineering Colleges in India S667_May 2012

  13. Computer & IT Related Graduates Even now computer related engineers are about 35% of total. S667_May 2012

  14. Ten-Year Trend in Engineering and Technology Master’s Degrees in the United States, China and India (Actual and Estimated Data) Source: The India Economy Review, 30 Sept 2007, Vol.4; www.iipm.thiktank.com S667_May 2012

  15. Ten-Year Trend in Engineering and Technology PhD Degrees in the United States, China and India Source: The India Economy Review, 30 Sept 2007, Vol.4; www.iipm.thiktank.com S667_May 2012

  16. Quality of Education (1)‏ Number of Research Papers Published India South Korea Israel Brazil China 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 Source: Business World, 30 Jan 2006 No. of Papers 0 1980 1990 2000 Years S667_May 2012

  17. Quality of Education (2)‏ Number of PHD Degrees in Engineering China South Korea Taiwan India Japan 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 500 0 Source: Business World, 30 Jan 2006 No. of Degrees 1975 1975 1999 Years S667_May 2012

  18. Contribution to World’s Research Papers S667_May 2012

  19. Patents applied and granted in the period 2004 to 2008 (Source: Forbes India, Nov5,2010) S667_May 2012

  20. Global Patents S667_May 2012

  21. Patents • In Y 2010, China filed for 400,000 patents; 75% were by Chinese companies; 25% by foreign companies working in China • The total number of filings in India is yet to exceed 50,000 a year; only 19% are by Indian companies; foreign companies in India filed 81% • India’s patent office has 250 patents examiners; China has 4,500; it would increase them to 9000 by 2015; by then India will have 1000 patent examiners (Source: Page 106, Tata Review, Dec 2011) S667_May 2012

  22. Scientific Publication S667_May 2012

  23. Scientific Researchers in the World S667_May 2012

  24. Civilian R&D Expenditure (2000-2005) Percentage(%) of GDP Source: The book, Start-up Nation- The Story of Israel’s Economic Miracle by Dan Senor and Saul Singer Source: UNDO (United Nations Development Programme) Report, 2007/2008 S667_May 2012

  25. Venture Capital Investments per Capita $ US Source: The book, Start-up Nation- The Story of Israel’s Economic Miracle by Dan Senor and Saul Singer (Source: Dow Jones, Venture Source: Thomson Reuters; U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, World Fact Book, 2007, 2008 ) S667_May 2012

  26. R&D Spending as % of GDP S667_May 2012

  27. Engineering Colleges in A.P The Licence, Permit, Quota, Binge S667_May 2012

  28. Engineering Colleges in A.P The Licence, Permit, Quota, Binge S667_May 2012

  29. A.P: Seats Unfilled in Engineering S667_May 2012

  30. A.P Admission Capacity 2011-12 S667_May 2012

  31. Engineering Colleges in Tamilnadu(fig. as of 2011-12) S667_May 2012

  32. A.P Certifies more Engineers than USA qualifies S667_May 2012

  33. A.P: Engineer Density • Position in 2011-12 in A.P Engineering colleges = 710 • 1 college for 1,20,000 people • Seats= 3,05,846 • 1 seat for = 254 people S667_May 2012

  34. A.P: Fee Reimbursement • App. Rs. 3000 cr/ year • Degraded, un-motivated young flocking to engineering colleges • Misapplication of tax revenues in the name of SaamajikaNyaayam • Alternative • Scholarships to the meritorious poor • Interest-free loans with moratorium for repayment • Improve Secondary and Inter education • Vocational Schools S667_May 2012

  35. Consequences of Fee Reimbursement in A.P • Non serious persons joining • 80% getting certificate by spendings Rs. 500/- • (LKG in Pvtd. Schools ) • Agitation for condoning absence (,75% attendance) & demands for easy questions & liberal valuation for social justice ) S667_May 2012

  36. A.P:Alternatives to Fee Reimbursement • Merit Scholarships • Interest –free loans, payable from the 4th year after graduation • “Conditions Apply” degree certificates to such beneficiaries • These concessions only for one child in the family • “Free” seat students required to serve state/country for 3 years like docs. S667_May 2012

  37. A.P: EAMSET – A farce • EAMCET (UKG pupil can qualify) • Direction to Tech.varsities to set non-exacting question papers and “liberal” valuation to meter out social justice” to SC, ST, BC, Minority… • Unemployables taking to M.Tech & becoming teacher • “Colleges” invested in to get fee reimbursement income from government. • 35% in Inter & 25% in EAMCET qualify admission • Why EAMCET when seats are more than applicants • In 2011 30,000 who qualified in EAMCET failed in Inter S667_May 2012

  38. Factors Debasing Eng.Education • Ill intentioned persons getting licence/permits approvals by manipulation • Misapplication of Social justice • “Minority” colleges • Fee Reimbursement • Poultrified Intermediate education thro ‘corporate” colleges • Coaching shops/classes (Hyderabad, Kotah, Patna) S667_May 2012

  39. Rural location in the false expectation that they promote development of the area • Most importantly corruption in NOC/Sanctioning /approvals’ bodies & Sources of income for MLA/MPs thro’ benamis. S667_May 2012

  40. How to Improve the Quality of Education; Learning & Inquiry • Compulsory to stay in the Hostel ( gives time to read, play, learn communication & socialising, full benefit of library). • Societies: Maths, Physics, Materials & branches of engineering-students to present papers, “Articles I read”, visiting professionals talks”, study aspect of industry, business, communications, poverty/housing; work-opportunities, local crafts, water resources/needs, bank& finance facilities in his village/area, what are wanting – paper to be presented as vacation exercise S667_May 2012

  41. How to Improve Employability (1) • Study businesses/industries, projects pertaining to his branch of engineering. • Read company reports ( public Ltd. Cos publish quality results) • 2nd Degree/Diploma in Management; Finance; Banking; HR; PR; History; Literature; Environment’ Energy; e-governance’ transportation, Urbanisation; Housing, International Trade, utilise Distance Education S667_May 2012

  42. How to improve Employability (2) • Open Varsity facilities (Study Vellor Institute of technology, ICFAI Tech…) • Internships with Cos in IT; construction, automobile, energy , gas, telecoms , Infra S667_May 2012

  43. Scientist & Engineer • Discovery : Scientists unravel the law of nature • Invention & Application; Engineers use scientific knowledge to invent and apply • Nature’s Resources utilised for social good & personal fulfillment S667_May 2012

  44. Categories of Persons • Entitlement – No work, no duty, all free • Employment: Content to live • Entrepreneurship – Desire to create S667_May 2012

  45. Entrepreneurship • 1st aim to be entrepreneur, secondary, as an employee • Study lives & work of entrepreneurs – Jamshedji Tata; Birla, Ambani; Ford; Iacocca; Alferd Sloan ( GM) Andrew Carnegie Siemens, Krupp. Sir M. Visweswarayya, Bills gates, Steve Jobs (Google…, George Soros..) , Pais of Manipal, Narayana Murthy, Gopinath ( Dn. Airways, Simply Fly) • Start-up nation (Israel) • Korea, Japan, China, Singapore ( Lee Kwon Yuvans…) • Maruti Motors by------Bhargava S667_May 2012

  46. Social entrepreneurship in Services • Child care…Old Age Homes • Public Meetings to Campaigns • As incomes rise Leisure& recreation services • New Townships and transportation • Food & Cafataria services • Imagination is the limit S667_May 2012

  47. Great Opportunities in • Corporate farming in India & Africa • Ores should not be exported but smeted and value added products here. • Solar & Wind Energy Farms/ Plants • Defence equipments 70% contracted products to be India made –policy • India- bleeding imports • Rs. 50,000 cr/y of telecom • Rs. 60,000 cr/y defence • China: world’s largest manufacturing & expecting country with . $ 3 trillion foreign exchange reserves (India# 300 bln) • Shipping dry-docks, ship breaking S667_May 2012

  48. Upgrade Eng. EducationM.Tech & Ph.D Programs • Become Institutions of excellence – M.tech & Ph.D programs • Contract research • Professor exchange programs Vision for growth & excellence S667_May 2012

  49. Professional Bodies for Correction • Inspect & Evaluate & grade colleges (supplement NAC) • Public Report & Advisories • Essential role of colleges • Educate & inspire or provide jobs ( placements) • Stimulate production of intellectual property ( thro’ P.G programs, R&D…) • Incubate entrepreneurs & mentor the innovators • National Innovation Network S667_May 2012

  50. World of nuclear giants and ethical infants We have too many men of science, too few men of God. We have grasped the mystery of the atom and rejected the Sermon on the Mount. The world has achieved brilliance without wisdom, power without conscience. Ours is a world of nuclear giants and ethical infants. We know more about war than about peace; more about killing than we know about living - General Omar S. Bradley. Chief of Staff USA at Boston on 10.11.48 S667_May 2012

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