The Rhythms of sleep

1. The Rhythms of sleep 159-162

2. Objectives: The Student will • Describe REM and NREM sleep • Create the 4 stages of the sleep cycle • Explain why we sleep • Trace the sleep disorders (cross reference the graphic organizer)

3. Sleep story • Eugene Aserinsky- 1952, studied son’s brain waves. • Used EEG Measured Alpha waves, slow rhythm, high amplitude (height) • 90 minutes- normal, then rapid eye movements, brain alert. But boy asleep. • REM sleep- Rapid eye movements • Non-REM- Interim periods between

4. Compare and contrast • NREM- Brief descriptions or none (sleep walking and talking happen here) • REM- Vivid color, bizarre scenes

5. Delta waves compare and contrast

6. chapter 5 Realms of sleep Stage 1. Feel self drifting on the edge of consciousness Stage 2. Minor noises won’t disturb you Stage 3. Breathing and pulse have slowed down Stage 4. Deep sleep REM. Increased eye movement, loss of muscle tone, dreaming

7. Stages of sleep • Stage 1- slower activity, fast brain. Close to awake. May remember fantasies, visuals • Stage 2- Short bursts of fast electrical activity= Sleep spindles. Most noises won’t disturb • Stage 3- deep sleep. Heart rate breathing slow down. Brain waves slow dramatically. Delta waves (slow waves, high peaks) • Stage 4- Electrical activity increasing, talk and walk in this stage (unknown)

8. chapter 5 Typical night’s sleep for a young adult

10. chapter 5 Your turn Early in the evening, Joey’s parents find him walking around. They try to wake him, but he does not seem to respond. What kind of sleep is Joey in? 1. REM sleep 2. Fast-wave sleep (Stages 1 and 2) 3. Slow-wave sleep (Stages 3 and 4)

11. chapter 5 Your turn Early in the evening, Joey’s parents find him walking around. They try to wake him, but he does not seem to respond. What kind of sleep is Joey in? 1. REM sleep 2. Fast-wave sleep (Stages 1 and 2) 3. Slow-wave sleep (Stages 3 and 4)

12. chapter 5 Why we sleep The exact function of sleep is uncertain but sleep appears to provide time for the body to carry out important functions. To eliminate waste products from muscles To repair cells To strengthen the immune system To recover abilities lost during the day

13. Why we sleep • Dream to forget- Mental trash • Repair cells, muscles, • strengthen immune system • Memory

14. Mental consequences of sleeplessness • Chronic sleep deprivation causes release of cortisol (stress hormone) damage learning and memory • 2/3 of Americans don’t get 8 hrs • American students- 6 hrs

15. Student sleep cycle

16. chapter 5 Sleep disorders Sleep deprivation leads to decreases in physical and mental functioning. Sleep apnea Breathing briefly stops during sleep, causing the person to choke and gasp and momentarily waken. Narcolepsy Sudden and unpredictable daytime attacks of sleepiness or lapses into REM sleep Staying up late and not allowing oneself enough sleep 2/3 of Americans get fewer than recommended 8 hours

17. Other consequences • Sleep apnea- disorder in which breathing stops during sleep causing the person to choke and gasp • Causes: blocking of air passages, failure of brain to control respiration • Narcolepsy- sudden and unpredictable daytime attacks of sleepiness or actual sleep • Causes: degeneration of neurons in hypothalamus, most likely genetic

18. Narcolepsy

19. Insomnia • The most common sleep disorder • Can’t get to sleep or stay up all night • Treated with reduction of caffeine, exercise at appropriate times of day= not right before sleep • Use sleeping pills with caution

20. Mental benefits • Good sleep promotes benefits • Sleep =memory consolidation • Process by which synaptic charges associated with memory become durable and stable • German study 3 groups- math problem • Group with best sleep= best results

21. Summary • Sleep cycle waves • REM • Disorders/Benefits (Evidence)