WINDAM TESTING WORKSHOP September 2, 2009

1. SOIL MATERIAL INPUT PARAMETERSWINDAM(Windows Dam Analysis Modules) WINDAM TESTING WORKSHOP September 2, 2009

2. Laboratory Algorithms • Steep Channel • Phase 1 Failure Flume Tests • Headcut Development • Embankment • Headcut Migration • Breach Widening • Widening • Discharge Model • Discharge • Erodibility Data Sets Computer Models • ARS Lab Data Computer Models Additional Data SIMBA SIMBA • Case Studies WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach Model Comparisons • NWS Breach, • HR Breach, • FireFox, & others

3. 1) HEADCUT FORMATION 2) HEADCUT ADVANCE (through crest) 4 STAGE Breach Erosion Model 3) HEADCUT ADVANCE (into reservoir) 4) BREACH WIDENING

5. gT kd cu tc

6. C kd tc

7. gT

8. HEADCUT MIGRATION Headcut Migration dX/dt dX/dt = Hkd(te – tc)/[2Ev] Ev= Vertical erosion required for failure. Requires gT

9. TOTAL UNIT WEIGHT • Definition: Total Soil Weight (Water + Solid) Divided by Total Volume (WW + Ws) Soil Phases gT = (Vv + Vs) Gas VG WG VV VW Liquid WW gT = WT/VT VT WT Range: 100 – 130 lb/ft3 Solid VS WS

10. kd tc

11. Key Embankment Erosion Algorithms Impinging Jet Scour Surface Detachment dY/dt = kd(te – tc) dY/dt = kd(te – tc) Headcut Migration Widening dX/dt = Hkd(te–tc)/[2Ev] dW/dt = 1.4kd(te – tc)

12. Standard Compaction Curve Optimum Water Content Maximum Dry Density Dry Density, lb/ft3 95% of Maximum Dry Density Line -2% +4% Water Content, WC% Reference Density Specification Acceptable Zone of Compaction

13. Hammer Soil Mold Laboratory procedure for conducting erodibility test. Compact four to five samples at a range of water contents, say 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, and 18% @ each compaction energy

14. Standard Compaction Energy (~12,000 ft-lb/ft^3)

15. Jet Tube Lid Point Gage Deflection Plate Sample Submergence Tank Laboratory JET Apparatus.

16. Dry of optimum, rapid erosion Wet of optimum, slow erosion @ Optimum, slow erosion

17. Standard Compaction Energy (~12,000 ft-lb/ft^3)

18. Standard Compaction Energy (~12,000 ft-lb/ft^3) 25% Clay, CL(PI=15) 27% Clay, CL(PI=15) 34% Clay, CL(PI=17)

19. Table for estimating kd (ft/hr)/(lb/ft3)

20. Table for estimating tc (lb/ft2)

21. A good conservative estimate for tc(lb/ft2) is tc= 0 lb/ft2 or if you know kd (ft/hr)/(lb/ft^2) tc= (50*kd)^(-2) (lb/ft2 )

23. cu

24. HEADCUT MIGRATION Headcut Migration dX/dt dX/dt = Hkd(te – tc)/[2Ev] Ev= Vertical erosion required for failure. Requires cu

25. Unconfined compression test • su = “undrained shear strength” (c value) • qu = “unconfined compressive strength” t = c = su = ½*qu t c = su s s1 @ failure = q u s3 = 0

26. C kd tc

27. q dX/dt H HEADCUT MIGRATION Headcut Migration dX/dt dX/dt =C(qH)1/3 (Zero threshold energy based) q = unit discharge H = headcut height. • References • Temple et al. 2006 • Hanson et al. 2006

28. C = (qH)1/3/(dX/dt)

29. USDA Test #1

33. USDA Test #2

35. USDA ARS Test #2

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