Basics of Ecology

1. Basics of Ecology By, Steven Catalanotto Matthew Granillo And Ethan Newell

2. Multicellular organisms • Multicellular organisms meet their needs in different ways such as………. • Hibernation • Migration • Their specific habitats

3. Hibernation • Hibernation is a natural habit brought on by instinct, a species of wild life which become dormant during seasonal changing from winter until spring.. Environmental changes sometimes have the same effects. This meets some multicellular organisms needs of survival……

4. Migration • Migration is also a natural habit brought on by instinct. This habit is most common is species of birds such as ducks and geese. Migration is when a specific type of species moves across the country to a more suitable location for survival

5. Habitats • Every species of wildlife has a specific habitat take us humans for example we make almost anywhere a suitable habitat to sustain or needs. • Other habitats would be, • Marine • grassland • Tropical Forest • Desert • Forests • Woodlands • Tundra • alpines

6. Plants are producers There are 300,000 species of plants on earth. Plants are the only life forms that can produce there own food using energy from sunlight. Not to mention that they also produce food for herbivores.

7. Plants! • Plants adapt to different environments in multiple ways one would be the size and shape of there leaves, take pine trees for example, they have enormous trunks that stretch up to get the appropriate amount of sunlight. • Some plants instead of spreading pollen spread seeds which find soil and sprout into seedlings • Plants have a seasonal cycle, in fall the leaves fall and stay the same during winter until spring which they bloom and stay the same till next fall.

8. Animals • Animals are consumers are any living organism who can’t make their own food. Animals that eat plants or plant products are called primary consumers. Animals that eat primary consumers are called secondary consumers. The ones who eat secondary consumers are tertiary consumers. Consumers are name depending on what they eat.

9. Seasonal changes and interaction • Animals respond to seasonal change by changing their fur/skin color, hibernating or migrating. Animals interact with their environment by eating the other animals/plants which keeps the population of certain species under control so that the population doesn’t over grow and harm the environment and so that the population doesn't decrease and harm the balance of the environment.

10. All organisms occupy a specific living area. There are five levels of the environment • First an organism which is an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form. • Population which is the number of a specific life form • Next is community which is a group of people living together in one place. • Also ecosystem which is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment • Lastly biome which is a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat

11. Patterns within population • A population with unlimited resources, no competition and no predation displays J-shaped population growth. Also known as exponential growth, the population growth begins slowly when there are few individuals and then rapidly increases at its intrinsic growth rate. The growth rate soon becomes nearly vertical. While this can happen after a population plunge due to fire or disease.

12. Organisms interact. • Organisms (including humans) interact with each other all the time, whether we know it or not. Most of the interactions between species involve food such as: • Competition: Two equal organisms fight/compete for the same food source • Predation: One carnivore attempts to feed on a weaker organism • Parasitism: A virus weakens a bigger animal and takes all the energy • Mutualism: Both organism get benefited • Commensalism: One organism is benefited other is unaffected.

13. Change of Population • Population change frequently, with people having more children. By this factors and resources are becoming less common, by this constant change Animals are having a harder time surviving than when we had a significantly less humans and animals on Earth. Are limitations with nature such as less food, less area for other animals to live because of our growing civilization.

14. Change of Ecosystems • The change of ecosystem happens because us humans populate most of the earth forcing animals into small areas in the globe, this affects the animals states because the prey (such as deer, rabbits, and elk) don’t have anywhere to escape from the predators trying to feed on them.

15. The Affect of Change • This breaks the balance and the normal challenge of life. Also our uses of chemicals and man-made devices is affecting animal with pollution, like contaminated water sources and poisonous chemicals humans put on plants and weed to kill them. This causes endangerment and extinction.