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Scientific Method

Scientific Method. Scientific Method. Critical Thinking Asks questions and are willing to wonder Define problems in clear concrete terms Examines all available evidence Recognizes and analyzes assumptions and biases Avoids emotional reasoning Doesn’t over or under simplify

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Scientific Method

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  1. Scientific Method

  2. Scientific Method • Critical Thinking • Asks questions and are willing to wonder • Define problems in clear concrete terms • Examines all available evidence • Recognizes and analyzes assumptions and biases • Avoids emotional reasoning • Doesn’t over or under simplify • Considers other interpretations of evidence • Tolerates uncertainty

  3. Scientific Method • Theory • Hypothesis • Principle of Falsifiablility • Operational Definition • Replication

  4. Scientific Method • Three Main Types of Studies • Descriptive Studies • Correlation Studies • Experimentation

  5. Descriptive Studies • Case studies • Longitudinal studies • Cross sectional studies • Sequential studies • Observational studies • Naturalistic • Laboratory

  6. Descriptive Studies • Testing • Reliability • Validity • Standardized • Objective • Subjective • Surveys • Random sampling • Population

  7. Correlation Studies: • Shows strength of relationships not causation • Correlation coefficient • The closer to + 1.0 the stronger the relationship • Illusory correlation money/health money/car problems

  8. Experimentation • Experiment • Independent variable • Dependent variable • Groups • Experimental Group (condition) • Control Group (condition) • Placebo • Double Blind

  9. Analysis and Interpretation • Descriptive Statistics (describe our scores) • Measures of Central Tendency • Mean • Median • Mode • Measures of Variability • Range Times at bat • Standard deviation (1, 2, 2, 3, 2) • Inferential Statistics (determine significance)

  10. Ethics • The American Psychological Association promotes the following basic research standards: • Informed consent • Do no harm • Confidentiality • Debrief required if deceit must be used

  11. Careers in Psychology • Major Divisions • Research • Basic (increases knowledge base) • Applied (solving practical problems) • Clinical (studies, assesses, and treats people) • Psychiatry (medical) • Useable in all career fields

  12. Careers in Psychology Cognitive Psychologists  Community Psychologists  Counseling Psychologists  Developmental Psychologists  Educational Psychologists  Engineering Psychologists  Environmental Psychologists  Forensic Psychologists

  13. Careers in Psychology Health Psychologists  Industrial / Organizational Psychologists  Neuropsychologists  Rehabilitation Psychologists  School Psychologists  Social Psychologists  Sports Psychologists Military Psychologists

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