The Thirteen Colonies

1. Please take out your “Virginia vs. New England” class notes. We will: *identify and evaluate characteristics of the Virginia and New England colonies *map the 13 British North American colonies *match and evaluate the characteristics of the three major colonial regions: --New England --Middle Colonies --Southern Colonies The Thirteen Colonies

2. Early Challenges: Virginia Pictured Left: Reconstruction of “Jane” - a Jamestown woman whose body was eaten by her fellow colonists John Smith’s The GenerallHistorie of Virginia… (1624) Nay, so great was our famine, that a Savage we slew, and buried, the poorer sort took him up again and eat him, and so did divers one another boiled and stewed with roots and herbs: And one amongst the rest did kill his wife, powdered her, and had eaten part of her before it was known, for which he was executed, as he well deserved; now whether she was better roasted, boiled or carbonado’d, I know not, but of such a dish as powdered wife I never heard of. This was that time, which still to this day we called the starving time; it were too vile to say, and scarce to be believed, what we endured… http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6593 *Jamestown barely survived after Smith’s forced departure due to an accident in 1609 *The colony resorted to cannibalism to survive during the “Starving Time” of 1609-10

3. Early Challenges: New England *Only about half of the Pilgrims who arrived on the overcrowded Mayflower in December 1620 survived the first winter *Pilgrims referred to this event as the “general sickness”

4. Relations with Native Americans: Virginia Left: 1616 engraving depicting Pocahontas; Below Right: WRONG! Below: engraving depicting the massacre of English colonists by the Powhatan in 1622 *John Smith secured trade with the Powhatan tribe but also kept a wary eye on them *According to Smith, he was spared execution at the hands of the Powhatan thanks to the intervention of the chief’s favorite daughter, Pocahontas *Pocahontas later married John Rolfe and moved to England, where she died *In 1622, the Powhatan attacked Virginia settlements, wiping out a quarter of all colonists

5. Relations with Native Americans: New England Pilgrim Treaty with Chief Massasoit (1621) 1.  That neither he nor any of his should injure or do hurt to any of our people. 2.  And if any of his did hurt to any of ours, he should send the offender, that we might punish him… 4.  If any did unjustly war against him, we would aid him; if any did war against us, he should aid us… 6.  That when their men came to us, they should leave their bows and arrows behind them, as we should do our pieces when we came to them. http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/pdf/Text_Treaty_with_Massasoit.pdf Image of the “First Thanksgiving” painted in 1914 *The Pilgrims benefitted from positive contacts with the Wampanoag tribe – signed a treaty in 1621 *Shared the first “thanksgiving” feast with Massasoit’s people *Puritans later sought to convert Native Americans and destroyed Native American opposition at great cost in the Pequot War (1630s) and King Philip’s War (1670s)

6. Political Institutions: Virginia Proceedings of the Virginia Assembly, 1619 Captain William Powell presented a petition to the general Assembly against one Thomas Garnett, a servant of his, not only for extreme neglect of his business to the great loss and prejudice of the said Captain, and for openly and impudently abusing his house, in sight both of Master and Mistress, through wantonness with a woman servant of theirs, a widow, but also for falsely accusing him to the Governor both of Drunkenness and Theft, and besides for bringing all his fellow servants to testify on his side, wherein they justly failed him. It was thought fit by the general assembly (the Governor himself giving sentence), that he should stand four days with his ears nailed to the Pillory, viz: Wednesday, Aug. 4th, and so likewise Thursday, friday, and Saturday next following, and every of those days should be publicly whipped. House of Burgesses created in 1619 as the first representative assembly in the New World; advised the colony’s governor Still exists today as the Virginia Assembly

7. Political Institutions: New England Mayflower Compact of 1620 was the first instrument of self-government in the New World Puritan communities effectively governed themselves through town meetings

8. Society & Economy: Virginia John Rolfe introduced tobacco growing in 1612 and it became the basis of Virginia’s cash crop economy 1619 – first slaves arrived and increasingly replaced indentured servants Virginia society became very hierarchical Above: first African slaves arrive at Jamestown in 1619 aboard a Dutch ship

9. Society & Economy: New England *Puritans lived according to the Bible *stressed education and community participation *valued social and economic equality *believed in hard work and devotion to God and family *worked small farms and fished

10. Focus: The Thirteen Colonies • Work with your partner to complete Part I & II • Use the maps in chapters 2 & 3 of the textbook as a resource • You will need three colored pencils h. Massachusetts b. Maryland d. Rhode Island g. Virginia a. New York f. South Carolina e. Pennsylvania c. Georgia

11. Mapping the Thirteen Colonies

12. Colonial Regions • You have three minutes to match your characteristic sheet to the correct region • When you have the right region, tape the sheet to the wall/board area matching with that region, then return to your seat • Sheets are color-coded by theme: --political (salmon) --economic (green) --social (gold) --cultural (purple)

13. Before you leave… • Review the unit test description on the unit test guide before next class and complete all unit homework • Quiz 1 will be returned to you in our next class session • Be prepared to take the unit test next Wednesday, September 25; you will also need to turn in materials for your first binder check • Unit review sessions before (8:00 a.m.) and after school (4 p.m.) on Monday, September 23