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INTEGRATING HIV IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

INTEGRATING HIV IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING. By Rafiqul Huda Chaudhury August 2003. INTEGRATING HIV IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING. 1.0 Definition Integration can be defined in both functional and organizational term.

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INTEGRATING HIV IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

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  1. INTEGRATING HIV INDEVELOPMENT PLANNING By Rafiqul Huda Chaudhury August 2003

  2. INTEGRATING HIV INDEVELOPMENT PLANNING 1.0 Definition • Integration can be defined in both functional and organizational term.

  3. In functional term it is a series operations concerned with bringing together otherwise independent administrative structures, and functions in such a way as to combine these into a whole. • In organizational terms, integration means bringing together those services necessary for the health protection/poverty reduction and provided under a single administrative unit or under several agencies with proper provision for their coordination.

  4. 2.0 Why to Integrate HIV/AIDS Prevention into National/Sectoral Development Planning • HIV/AIDS is a development issue and therefore it should be integrated into national, sectoral and local development planning.

  5. It is closely linked to broader aspects of development and its role in spreading the infection and the impact on sustainable development. • Because of its impact on individuals and families, HIV/AIDS is a threat to agriculture and rural development, to business and the labour force, and overall health and economic development.

  6. High numbers of young and productive members of society becoming infected with HIV will impact on the welfare of children and the elderly, thus engendering greater social costs for communities and governments. • To reduce the burden of HIV/AIDS, prevention campaigns require national development inputs, most notably financial and human resources. These can only be met if the country is on a stable development path.

  7. Government cannot improve development indicators, including MDG and ICPD goals, if it cannot demonstrate a reduction in HIV/AIDS and its socio-economic impact. • Working at national and local levels to achieve improvement in development indicators such as better rights, more access to education or lower fertility can also contribute to HIV/AIDS prevention and impact reduction.

  8. 3.0 Context of National Development Planning Once the need to integrate HIV/AIDS prevention in national population/development is realized, the next step is to determine how it should be positioned within the context of national development planning framework or approach.

  9. There are various approaches to development planning: centralized planning, sectoral planning, inter-sectoral planning and holistic planning. Each requires a set of distinct HIV/AIDS prevention strategies.

  10. An outline of HIV/AIDS prevention strategies in the context of a national development planning.

  11. Thai Experience of Holistic Approach HIV/AIDS problem which was affecting the quality of life of all of the Thai people. Special attention was therefore placed on the following elements, which also demonstrated the interrelatedness of the HIV/AIDS situation with that of the nation's development as a whole.

  12. Build on the capacity of the people and target groups in particular to bring about increased public awareness of HIV/AIDS; convince people to change behaviours that put them at risk of infection. • Generate a positive socio-economic environment, which would diminish the risk of infection, including, e.g., rural job creation to reduce poverty, advocating safe and appropriate recreational activities, abating the use of sexually provocative programmes and advertisements – in the media and in "selling" entertainments venues.

  13. Promote greater comprehensive delivery of health care and health services for people living with HIV/AIDS, improve the attitudes and care-giving abilities of hospital staff at all levels; strengthen the capacity of communities and families to care for people living with HIV/AIDS. • Mitigate the socio-economic impacts of AIDS, e.g., by providing suitable vocational training and social welfare services for people living with AIDS and their families, particularly those in difficult social and economic circumstances.

  14. Strategies Developed to Deal with the HIV/AIDS Crisis 1. Strategies for developing the potential of the individual, the family and community in prevention and alleviation the AIDS problem. 2. Strategies for developing the social environment to be conducive to prevention and alleviation of the AIDS problem.

  15. 3. Strategies for psycho-social development that will enable persons living with HIV/AIDS lead a normal life within the society. 4. Strategies for modifying basic components of the social and economic systems to be more effective in dealing with the AIDS problem. 5. Strategies for applying health promotion and targeting medical care services.

  16. 6. Strategies for utilizing cultural wisdom and available knowledge and promoting relevant research. 7. Strategies for enhancing international cooperation. 8. Strategies for revising and strengthening the managerial process and related mechanisms.

  17. Checklist for mainstreaming HIV/AIDS in poverty reduction strategies

  18. Source: Modified from UNDP (2002a).

  19. Check-list for Integrating HIV/AIDS in Education Sector A. Loss of Human Resources • How does HIV/AIDS affect supply of teachers and other school staff, e.g., headmasters, school managers, teacher trainers, and Ministry staff at different levels?

  20. Is staff planning built on good estimates of current and expected mortality and morbidity among school staff? • How many classes have lost their teachers? What is the trend of the student/teacher ratio?

  21. Are certain geographical areas more affected than others? How can these areas be supported? • Has there been a change in the policy to post teachers; e.g. close to home or with their families?

  22. B. Fewer Pupils • Have enrolment rates declined? School attendance? Have drop out rate gone up? How are girls and boys, respectively, affected? • What regions are hardest hit?

  23. Is there a policy to secure that AIDS-orphans continue school? • Has the school system changed to facilitate for vulnerable children to attend school – e.g. flexible hours to meet labour needs, school feeding, school health, help with homework?

  24. Are there any innovative activities such as school based programmes for income generation? • What do schools do to enhance the pupils' possibilities to practice what they learn about protecting themselves against HIV?

  25. C. HIV/AIDS Education • Is there a compulsory HIV/AIDS education policy? Does it cover teachers, other personnel and pupils? • Is HIV/AIDS part of compulsory teacher training? In-service training?

  26. Does HIV-teaching start before pupils are sexually active/start drug injecting behaviour? • Is there resistance or support from the community/parent associations to HIV/AIDS education at primary level? • Has coverage and effectiveness of HIV prevention and life skills programmes been evaluated? Have they been strengthened wherever appropriate?

  27. D. Community Involvement • Can schools become centers for dissemination of HIV/AIDS information? • Is there any established cooperation between the community and school? • How can schools reach out-of-school youth with preventive education?

  28. E. Reduced Financial Resources • How can you ensure that pupils learn what they should, in spite of HIV/AIDS? • How are the finances of the education system – income and/or expenditure – affected by HIV/AIDS?

  29. Has AIDS led to any changes in the government budget to the education sector? • Will funding from the community and parents decrease? • Are funds tied down by salaries for sick, inactive teachers and other staff, financial support to dependants, funerals, etc.?

  30. What do other donors do in relation to HIV/AIDS and education? • How is coordination taking place; UN, bilateral, NGOs?

  31. Check-list for Integrating HIV/AIDS in Health Sector A. More Patients • Does the number of patients increase at clinics and hospitals? What is the male/female ratio? Does the length of stay increase? • Are disease increasingly HIV-related? Does mortality in hospitals increase?

  32. Is there any plan – nationally, regionally, locally to handle increasing number of patients? • At what level of care are HIV/AIDS patients cared for?

  33. How does the public health care co-operate with community based care? • Are women recognized for their role as health care providers?

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