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PLANNING DEVELOPMENT

PLANNING DEVELOPMENT. WEEK 9 and 10. Environmental Policies and Impact Control Measures. Environmental Policies Environmental Impact Control Measures Environmental Impact Assessment. What is Environmental Policies?.

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PLANNING DEVELOPMENT

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  1. PLANNING DEVELOPMENT WEEK 9 and 10

  2. Environmental Policies and Impact Control Measures • Environmental Policies • Environmental Impact Control Measures • Environmental Impact Assessment

  3. What is Environmental Policies? An environmental policy is a written statement outlining an organisation's mission in relation to managing the environmental effects and aspects of its operations. Environmental policy is any (course of) action deliberately taken (or not taken) to manage human activities with a view to prevent, reduce or mitigate harmful effects on nature and natural resources, and ensuring that man-made changes to the environment do not have harmful effects on humans - wikipedia

  4. Environmental Policies

  5. Environmental Policies Typically environmental regulations focus on a number of key areas (but are not limited to): • Air - related to the amount of smoke, dust, noise, odour and solvents emitted by your business. • Hazardous substances - regulations cover the collection, storage, handling, processing, use and disposal of various substances including: oil, ozone depleting substances, pesticides and biocides, radioactive substances, animal by-products and hazardous/special waste. • Waste management- regulating the handling, storage, transport and disposal of trade waste, as well as the recycling of products. • Water - pollution, water abstraction and the discharge of trade effluent to public sewers. • Packaging- covering the production, use and handling of packaging or packaging materials. • Land - regulations cover the usage of contaminated land and landfill sites for disposal of business waste. • Protection of natural resources, wildlife, endangered species

  6. Environmental Policies in Malaysia…… • The Government of Malaysia has established the necessary legal and institutional arrangements for environmental protection.  • As such, investors are encouraged to give attention to the environmental factors at the early stages of their project planning.  Some aspects of pollution control to be considered are: • find possible modifications in the process line that can minimize waste generation; • see pollution prevention as part of the production; and • consider recycling option as far as possible.

  7. Malaysian Environmental Policy National environmental policy in Malaysia places great emphasis on the following objectives: • to maintain a clean and healthy environment; • to maintain the quality of the environment relative to the needs of the growing population; • to minimize the impact of the growing population and human activities relating to mineral exploration, deforestation, agriculture, urbanization, tourism and the development of other resources on the environment. • to balance the goals for socio-economic development and the need to bring the benefits of development to a wide spectrum of the population against the maintenance of sound environmental conditions; • to place more emphasis on prevention through conservation rather than on curative measures, inter alia by preserving the country's unique and diverse cultural and natural heritage; • to incorporate an environmental dimension in project planning and implementation, inter alia by determining the implication of the proposed projects and the costs of the required environmental mitigation measures through the conduct of Environmental Impact Assessment Studies; and • to promote greater co-operation and increased co-ordination among relevant Federal and State authorities as well as among ASEAN Governments.

  8. Malaysian Environmental Impact Assessment Reports Resort and Recreational Development • Construction of coastal resort facilities or hotels with more than 80 rooms; • Hill station resort or hotel development covering an area of 50 hectares or more; • Development of tourist or recreational facilities in national parks; and • Development of tourist or recreational facilities on islands in surrounding waters which are gazetted as national marine parks.

  9. Tourism Carrying Capacity • Tourism carrying capacity is a now antiquated approach to managing visitors in protected areas and national parks which evolved out of the fields of range, habitat and wildlife management. In these fields, managers attempted to determine the largest population of a particularly species that could be supported by a habitat over a long period of time • “The maximum number of people that may visit a tourist destination at the same time, without causing destruction of the physical, economic, socio-cultural environment and an unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitors' satisfaction.” WTO

  10. Continue………….. • A physical planning technique: concentrate tourist facilities in certain areas (integrated resort) • Use concentration approach (large scale mass tourism) staging of development – efficient provision of infrastructure. new area can be developed once the previous tourist attraction becomes saturated

  11. Environmental Impact Control Measures • Installation of water supply and sewage disposal system for hotels/tourist facilities • Development of electric power system (utilising conservation techniques?) • Proper solid waste disposal techniques • Construction of adequate drainage system • Development of adequate transportation systems • Provision of open space and parks

  12. Continue… • Application of land use zoning regulations • Careful management of visitor flows • Application of suitable architectural design standards • Prevention of linear commercial development along roads and shorelines • Application of appropriate design standards to and control of the location and size of signs, with information (not advertising) signs allowed • Requirement of under grounding of utility lines

  13. Continue… • Establishment of controls on: • Collection of life sea shells, corals, turtle, etc • Spear fishing • Mining of beach sand and coral formation • Use of boat anchors in coral-bottom bays • Collection of scarce species of plants and animals • Cutting of trees for use in camping/trekking • Feeding of wild animals • Any other tourist use controls to prevent environmental problems

  14. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Malaysia • EIA is a study to identify, predict, evaluate and communicate information about the impacts on the environment of a proposed project and to detail out the mitigation measures prior to project approval and implementation. • It seeks to avoid costly mistakes in project implementation, either because of the environmental damages that are likely to arise during project implementation, or because of modifications that may be required subsequently in order to make the action environmentally acceptable. • In Malaysia, an EIA is required under Section 34A, Environmental Quality Act, 1974.

  15. Continue… • Requirement for proper design of boat piers and marinas • Organisation of proper building, park and landscaping maintenance programs for public areas • Maintenance of environmental health and safety standards for tourists and residents • Proper site planning, design, and engineering of hotels and other tourist facilities to minimize damage from environmental hazards

  16. Socioeconomic Policies and Impact Control Measures

  17. Socioeconomic Policies and Impact Control Measures • General Socioeconomic Policies • Socioeconomic Impact Control Measures • Sociocultural Programming • Economic Enhancement Programming • Strengthening Economic Cross-sectoral Linkages • Ownership of Tourist Facilities and Services • Local Employment • Local Management of Tourist Facilities and Services • Local Tour and Travel Services • Shopping • Expansion of Tourist Activities

  18. Socioeconomic Impact Control Measures • Maintaining Authenticity of Cultural Features • Provide Financial Incentives, Training and Other Modes • Ensure Residents have Convenient Access to Tourist Facilities • Apply Visitor Use Organisation and Control Measures to Prevent Overcrowding • Provision of Facilities and Services to Unaffordable Residents • Educate Residents on Concept, Benefits and Problems of Tourism • Design Tourist Facilities According Local Environment (e.g. Architecture) • Through Selective Marketing, Encourage Tourists who can Appreciate and Respect Local Norms • Train Residents to Work Effectively in Tourism Field • Apply Strict Control on Drugs, Crime and Prostitution

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