IP Address

1. IP Address Chapter 3

2. Basics • IP addressing is the backbone in any network environment. • IP addressing allows routing. • Routing allows the computers across different networks to communicate. • Any machine/host that has a valid IP address can communicate. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

3. Types of IP addresses • Currently there are two types of IP addresses in use • IP Version V4 (IPv4) • IP Version V6 (IPv6) • The most common and widely used is IPv4. • Now a days, companies and organizations are migrating to IPv6. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

4. IPv4 • IPv4 address are 32 bit numbers. • Example 11000000 10101000 10000000 10000110 • For better understanding the IPv4 addresses are represented in dotted decimal format. • Example 192.168.32.67 Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

5. IPv4 After Binary to Decimal Conversion. Octet Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

6. Classes of IPv4 Address • There are 5 classes of IPv4 address. • Class A • Class B • Class C • Class D • Class E Class D and Class E address are private, and reserved. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

7. Class A Address •  0nnnnnnn hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh • First bit 0; 7 network bits; 24 host bits. • Initial byte: 0 – 126. • 126 Class A networks exist (0 and 127 are reserved). • 16,777,214 hosts on each Class A. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

8. Class B Address • 10nnnnnn nnnnnnnnhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh • First two bits 10; 14 network bits; 16 host bits • Initial byte: 128 – 191 • 16,384 Class Bs exist • 65,534 hosts on each Class B Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

9. Class C Address • Class C - 110nnnnn nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnhhhhhhhh • First three bits 110; 21 network bits; 8 host bits • Initial byte: 192 – 254 • 2,097,152 Class Cs exist • 254 hosts on each Class C Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

10. IPv4 Addresses Class A Class B Class C Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

11. IPv4 Address NOTE: In class A address we subtract 2 to get the number of possible networks because 0.0.0.0 and 127.0.0.0 are reserved. While calculating the possible number of hosts we subtract 2 because host id’s with all 0’s and all 1’s have a special meaning. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

12. Delivery method’s • There are three delivery methods commonly used • Unicast • Broadcast • Limited Broadcast • Network Directed Broadcast • Subnet Directed Broadcast • All Subnet Directed Broadcasts • Multicast Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

13. Unicast • One to one relationship. That is, one sender and one receiver. Sender 192.168.3.42 Receiver 192.168.3.43 Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

14. Broadcasting • One to many relationship. That is, one sender and multiple receivers. • Note • This is a class C address • The broadcast address is 192.168.3.255 • To get the broadcast address for any network just convert the all the host bits from 0 to 1. Sender 192.168.3.43 Sender 192.168.3.42 Sender 192.168.3.44 Sender 192.168.3.45 Sender 192.168.3.46 Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

15. Multicasting • One to many relationship. • Message is transmitted to multiple receivers. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

16. IPv6 Addresses • IPv6 address is 128 bit long. • IPv6 address is in hexadecimal format. The IPv6 address uses 32 hexadecimal digits. • IPv6 address has two logical parts 64 bit network prefix and a 64 bit host address. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

17. IPv6 Addresses • The 64 bit host address is automatically generated via the MAC address • IPv4 address can be easily converted to IPv6 format • Example 2001:0db8:85a3:0000: 1319:8a2e:0370:7344 Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed