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IP Address

IP Address. Internet Structure Larger networks Subnetwork : Hosts IP address -What information s hould an IP address p rovide? . Mailing address: State City Street address IP address: Network address Subnet address Host address. IPv4 Example: 4 octets Total # of addresses

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IP Address

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  1. IP Address

  2. InternetStructure • Larger networks • Subnetwork: • Hosts • IP address -What information should an IP address provide?

  3. Mailing address: • State • City • Street address • IP address: • Network address • Subnet address • Host address

  4. IPv4 Example: 4 octets • Total # of addresses available 256*256*256* 256= 4,294,967,296! Problem: • Only 256 networks? • What if the network only contains several subnets and less than 10 hosts in each subnet?

  5. IPv4 Example: 4 octets • Total # of addresses available 256*256*256* 256= 4,294,967,296! Problem: • Only 256 networks? • What if the network only contains several subnets and less than 10 hosts in each subnet?

  6. Solution: classify networks into 3categories: Class A. Network address : first octet 1~127 examples: 2.32.126.78, 2.21.9.45 Network administrator can assign addresses to their subnets and hosts using remaining three octets. Class B. Network address: first octet 128~191 and second octet examples: 138.92.74.211, 138.92.59.3 Network administrator can assign addresses to their subnets and hosts using remaining two octets. Class C. Network address: first octet 192~223 and second, third examples: 217.168.1.4, 217.168.1.15

  7. Comparison of three types of networks

  8. Are Billions of ip addresses enough for computers all over the world? • IPv4 addresses have already been exhausted in 2011! • IPv6 • 128 bits in length • IPv4 : 4 octets, each octet has 8 binary bits, total 32 bits • IPv6: 8 components, each component has 16 binary bits, total 128 bits. • Capability: 2128

  9. Practice 1 • Consider you are a network administrator and you are monitoring the network communications. You captured packets from 5 different ip addresses, identify the faked addresses among them and classify the rest addresses into three categories( Class A, Class B ,and Class C). • 102.98.92.1 • 102.98.261.2 • 198.136.134 • 138.69.2.15 • 192.168.300.2

  10. Practice 1 • Consider you are a network administrator and you are monitoring the network communications. You captured packets from 5 different ip addresses, identify the faked addresses among them and classify the rest addresses into three categories( Class A, Class B ,and Class C). • 102.98.92.1 • 102.98.261.2 261>255 • 198.136.134 • 138.69.2.15 • 192.168.300.2 300>255

  11. Practice 1 • Consider you are a network administrator and you are monitoring the network communications. You captured packets from 5 different ip addresses, identify the faked addresses among them and classify the rest addresses into three categories( Class A, Class B ,and Class C). • 102.98.92.1class A 102 is among 0-127 • 102.98.261.2 • 198.136.134 class C 198 is among 192-223 • 138.69.2.15 class B 138 is among 128-191 • 192.168.300.2

  12. Practice 2 • Providing a Class B network address, assume that the network administrator has set a subnet with network addresses ranging from 181.46.12.* to 181.46.16.*. Calculate number of addresses available in this subnet.

  13. Practice 2 • Providing a Class B network address, assume that the network administrator has set a subnet with network addresses ranging from 181.46.12.* to 181.46.16.*. Calculate number of addresses available in this subnet. According to class B ip address format, the first two octets are fixed in this network, In each of the subnet segments specified by the third octet, there are 256 possible addresses, Example: 181.46.12.0~ 181.46.12.255 181.46.13.0~ 181.46.13.255 #=256* (16-12+1)=1280 addresses

  14. Practice 3 • Assuming that you are arranging ip addresses for a company, the company has 3000 computers. Choose 1 class from the 3 classes (A, B and C ) for addressing; based on your choice, give a subnet range that can guarantee that every computer will have a valid and unique ip address.

  15. Practice 3 • Assuming that you are arranging ip addresses for a company, the company has 3000 computers. Choose 1 class from the 3 classes (A, B and C ) for addressing; based on your choice, give a subnet range that can guarantee that every computer will have a valid and unique ip address. • Class B network address: 0~2^16 different addresses • # of subnet segments required= 3000/256=11.7~=12 • The subnet segments (third octet) can be 0~11 or 9~20 or 210~221 or any 12 numbers with the values between 0~255.

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