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The Effect of Music on Post-Operative Pain

The Effect of Music on Post-Operative Pain. By: Angela Zhushma , RN State University of New York Institute of Technology. Background/ Purpose. Over 80% of patient experience moderate to severe pain after having surgical procedures

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The Effect of Music on Post-Operative Pain

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  1. The Effect of Music on Post-Operative Pain By: Angela Zhushma, RN State University of New York Institute of Technology

  2. Background/ Purpose • Over 80% of patient experience moderate to severe pain after having surgical procedures • Pain is most severe immediately after the surgery after the effect of anesthetic analgesia ends • It’s usually managed by administering IV or oral narcotics • Music therapy as a complimentary intervention can act as a distraction, thus helping with pain management • Inadequate postoperative pain management may lead to disturbed rest and sleep, delayed wound healing, patient dissatisfaction, prolonged recovery time, and increased healthcare costs * Therefore, it’s important to explore the effect of music on post-operative pain*

  3. PICO statement The objective of the integrative review is to determine if music used as a complimentary therapy in post-operative patients 18 years of age and older results in less pain intensity compared to the use of narcotics alone? P- In post-operative patients 18 years and older I- Music as a complimentary therapy C- Pharmacological measures (use of narcotics) O-Effect pain management (using numerical rating scale (NRS) or the visual analogue scale (VAS))

  4. Literature Review • The databases CINAHL and MEDLINE were used with key search term ‘music’ along with ‘post-operative pain’, ‘pain management’, and ‘post surgical’ • The review included seven studies, all of which used a control group and music group to compare results • Data from all these studies overall supported music as an aid in reducing pain intensity when used in conjunction with pain medication • Pain intensity was measured by the numerical rating scale (NRS) or the visual analogue scale (VAS) • Several of these studies showed that pain intensity was significantly lower in the music group than the control group on the second post-operative day specifically • The literature review suggests that music intervention should be offered to patients after surgery as it has been shown to reduce pain intensity

  5. Implementation • My role in this project was meeting with my clinician and discussing the findings of this research • The plan is to collaborate with the staff members who provide pre-operative teaching to those having elective surgery • They should encourage patients to bring music they prefer from home • I will also recommend that our unit (which is a post-surgical floor) invest in several devices that will play music for patients to use in the hospital • Patients would be provided ear buds to use for music therapy

  6. Conclusion/Recommendations • Music therapy is an inexpensive intervention and can be easily implemented in the clinical settings • Hospitals could purchase CD players and MP3 players for patients to use, which could be wiped down and cleaned in between patient use. • Patients can be given their own ear buds to keep • Nurses should encourage patients to listen to music after receiving pain medication for at least thirty minutes • This will likely improve their pain management and increase their overall satisfaction as studies indicate

  7. References Allred, K., Byers, J., & Sole, M. (2010). The effect of music on postoperative pain and anxiety. Pain Management Nursing, 11(1), 15-25. Comeaux, T., & Steele-Moses, S. (2013). The effect of complementary music therapy on the patient's postoperative state anxiety, pain control, and environmental noise satisfaction. MEDSURG Nursing, 22(5), 313-318. Ikonomidou, E., Rehnström, A., & Naesh, O. (2004). Effect of music on vital signs and postoperative pain. AORN Journal, 80(2), 269. doi:10.1016/S0001- 2092(06)60564-4. Lin, P., Lin, M., Huang, L., Hsu, H., & Lin, C. (2011). Music therapy for patients receiving spine surgery. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 20(7/8), 960-968. doi:10.1111/j.13652702.2010.03452.x Pyati, S., & Gan, T. (2007). Perioperative pain management. CNS Drugs, 21(3), 185- 211.

  8. Tse, M., Chan, M., & Benzie, I. (2005). The effect of music therapy on postoperative pain, heart rate, systolic blood pressure and analgesic use following nasal surgery. Journal Of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy, 19(3), 21-29. Vaajoki, A., Pietilä, A., Kankkunen, P., & Vehviläinen-Julkunen, K. (2011). Effects of listening to music on pain intensity and pain distress after surgery: an intervention. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 21(5/6), 708- 717. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03829.x Vaajoki, A., Pietilä, A., Kankkunen, P., & Vehviläinen-Julkunen, K. (2013). Music intervention study in abdominal surgery patients: challenges of an intervention study in clinical practice. International Journal Of Nursing Practice, 19, 206-213. doi:10.1111/ijn.12052.

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