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III. Changes of State (p. 372 - 382)

Ch. 12 - Liquids & Solids. III. Changes of State (p. 372 - 382). A. Phase Changes. A. Phase Changes. Evaporation molecules at the surface gain enough energy to overcome IMF Volatility measure of evaporation rate depends on temp & IMF. # of Particles. temp. volatility. IMF. volatility.

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III. Changes of State (p. 372 - 382)

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  1. Ch. 12 - Liquids & Solids III. Changes of State(p. 372 - 382) C. Johannesson

  2. A. Phase Changes C. Johannesson

  3. A. Phase Changes • Evaporation • molecules at the surface gain enough energy to overcome IMF • Volatility • measure of evaporation rate • depends on temp & IMF C. Johannesson

  4. # of Particles temp volatility IMF volatility Kinetic Energy A. Phase Changes Boltzmann Distribution p. 477 C. Johannesson

  5. A. Phase Changes • Equilibrium • trapped molecules reach a balance between evaporation & condensation C. Johannesson

  6. temp v.p. IMF v.p. A. Phase Changes p.478 • Vapor Pressure • pressure of vapor above a liquid at equilibrium v.p. • depends on temp & IMF • directly related to volatility temp C. Johannesson

  7. Patm b.p. IMF b.p. A. Phase Changes • Boiling Point • temp at which v.p. of liquid equals external pressure • depends on Patm & IMF • Normal B.P. - b.p. at 1 atm C. Johannesson

  8. IMF m.p. A. Phase Changes • Melting Point • equal to freezing point • Which has a higher m.p.? • polar or nonpolar? • covalent or ionic? polar ionic C. Johannesson

  9. A. Phase Changes • Sublimation • solid  gas • v.p. of solid equals external pressure • EX: dry ice, mothballs, solid air fresheners C. Johannesson

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