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The Making of Modern America: Coal Unionization in Alabama . July 14, 2011. Miners Unions. 1830s: Origins 1850s: miners’ unions 1869-87: Knights of Labor 1890: United Mine Workers (UMW) 10% AL budget: leased convicts to Tennessee Coal and Iron (TCI)
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The Making of Modern America: Coal Unionization in Alabama July 14, 2011
Miners Unions • 1830s: Origins • 1850s: miners’ unions • 1869-87: Knights of Labor • 1890: United Mine Workers (UMW) • 10% AL budget: leased convicts to Tennessee Coal and Iron (TCI) • “Judicial mixture” and “Biracial unionism”
Alabama: 1890-1908 • Strikes: 1890, 1894 • 1904-6 TCI strike • 1908: US Steel • July 1908: Strike, militia, strikebreakers, violence • Aug.: Evans document: reappraisal?
Turning Point: 1908 Braxton Bragg Comer and Progressivism Martial law Tent cities destroyed Strikers = “vagrants” = convict labor Henry Debardeleben, miners and race
Post-war strife • World War I • 1919: National UMW strike • Red Scare • 1920-21: “Wildcats” • What elements of our “modern America” list can be found in this microhistory?