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Chapter 4 Nomenclature

Chapter 4 Nomenclature. BEWARE!!! There is a lot memorization involved with this chapter. . In the old days compounds had common names like: water, milk of magnesia, gypsum, quicklime, etc. Today we know of over 4 million compounds. Common names won’t work Therefore we have a system!

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Chapter 4 Nomenclature

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  1. Chapter 4Nomenclature BEWARE!!! There is a lot memorization involved with this chapter.

  2. In the old days compounds had common names like: water, milk of magnesia, gypsum, quicklime, etc. • Today we know of over 4 million compounds. Commonnames won’t work • Therefore we have a system! • First we will learn aboutbinary compounds, compounds made of two elements • There are two classes: 1) metal/nonmetal 2) nonmetal/nonmetal

  3. 4.1 Naming Compounds that Contain a metal and a Nonmetal • Metals tend to lose electrons e-, • Nonmetals gain electrons e- • Metals like to be positive + • Nonmetals like to be negative - • These get together to form binary ionic compounds

  4. When writing the formula the cation is first, anion second • When naming justsay their names • Some cations haveonly one chargeever (called Type I ion) • Some have more thanone (Type II ion) • There are also Type I compounds and Type II compounds KNOW YOUR IONS!!!

  5. Type I Binary ionic compounds • Reviewing the rules:

  6. Type II binary ionic compounds • Some cations can form more than one charge!!! (Type II ion!) Let’s look at an example…. • iron can form 2+ and 3+ ions • so what is the iron in iron chloride? Fe2+ or Fe3+? • must be a way to distinguish the two! • use Roman numerals…

  7. So what is the nameof FeCl2? • Chloride always hasa 1- charge, and thereare two, so… • The positive guy musthave a total2+ charge, and… • There is only one cation so it get the whole 2+ charge all to itself, so… • It must be iron(II), so… • It is iron(II) chloride • Know Table 4.2 (the systematic is emphasized in this class!!)

  8. examples • CuCl • copper(I) chloride • HgO • mercury(II) oxide • Fe2O3 • iron(III) oxide • Mn2O4 • manganese(IV) oxide • PbCl4 • lead(IV) chloride

  9. summary of Type I and Type II

  10. summaryexamples • CoBr2 • cobalt(II) bromide • CaCl2 • calcium chloride • Al2O3 • aluminum oxide • CrCl3 • chromium(III) chloride

  11. 4.2 Naming Binary Compounds that Contain only Nonmetals (Type III) • Type IIIcontain only NM! • think prefixes! • (note: water and ammonia are Type III but always keep their common names)

  12. examples • BF3 • boron trifluoride • NO • nitrogen monoxide • N2O5 • dinitrogen pentoxide • PCl5 • phosphorus pentachloride • SF6 • sulfur hexafluoride • SO2 • sulfur dioxide

  13. 4.3 naming binary compounds:a review

  14. 4.4 Naming Compounds that contain Polyatomic Ions • There is another(!) type of compound, one that involves… • Polyatomic ions. Ions with more than one type of atom in it • gotta know Table 4.4

  15. Notice many have O in them • Called oxyanions • Most common is called root-ate (e.g. sulfate) • One less O than most common? root-ite (nitrite) • One less than that? hypo-root-ite (hypochlorite) • One more than most common? per-root-ate (perchlorate) • Must be able to recognize Polyatomic ions!!!

  16. examples • Na2SO4 • sodium sulfate • Fe(NO3)3 • parentheses here mean there are 3 of what’s inside.“NO33” is nonsense! • iron(III) nitrate • Mn(OH)2 • manganese(II) hydroxide

  17. summary examples • Na2CO3 • sodium carbonate • FeBr3 • iron(III) bromide • PCl3 • phosphorus trichloride • CsClO4 • cesium perchlorate • CuSO4 • copper(II) sulfate

  18. 4.5 Naming Acids • Some things when dissolved in water can lose an H+ right off them • called acids • taste sour • know these! • have their ownname system…

  19. 4.6 Writing Formulas from Names • so far we’ve done formulas to names… • now we do reverse! yippee! • you HAVE TO KNOW all the names I warned you about!!!

  20. examples • potassium hydroxide • KOH • sodium carbonate • Na2CO3 • nitric acid • HNO3 • calcium chloride • CaCl2 • dinitrogen pentoxide • N2O5 • ammonium perchlorate • NH4ClO4

  21. if this helps, use it. if it doesn’t, don’t!

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