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Drawing Atoms & Chemical Bonding

Drawing Atoms & Chemical Bonding. June 6, 2014. energy levels. Electron Energy Levels. Electrons are arranged in within the electron cloud. Each energy level can hold a certain maximum number of electrons. First level – ____ Second level – ____ Third level – ____. 2. 8. 8.

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Drawing Atoms & Chemical Bonding

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  1. Drawing Atoms & Chemical Bonding June 6, 2014

  2. energy levels Electron Energy Levels • Electrons are arranged in within the electron cloud. • Each energy level can hold a certain maximum number of electrons. • First level – ____ • Second level – ____ • Third level – ____ 2 8 8

  3. Drawing an Atom • Fluorine Atom (F) How many electrons does a Fluorine atom have? _______ 9 P 10 N 9

  4. Valence Electron Energy Levels most stable • The atoms have the outermost energy level filled. • Atoms in which the outermost energy level is filled does not easily gain or lose electrons, therefore they do not easily form compounds with other elements. • ____________ electrons represent the number of electrons in the outer energy level.

  5. Drawing an Atom I’m Stable • Neon Atom (Ne) How many electrons does a Neon atom have? _______ 10 P 10 N Go away, I don’t want to BOND with anyone. 10

  6. CHEMICAL BONDS • When two or more elements come together, they form a compound. • Compounds are held together by forces called chemical bonds. • Atoms can form chemical bonds by sharing electrons or by transferring electrons from one atom to another.

  7. Types of Bonds • When a compound is formed through the transfer of electrons, this is called an ionic bond. • Most ionic compounds are formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal. • When an atom loses an electron to move to another atom, it ends up with more protons than electrons. This results in an overall __________ charge. positive

  8. Types of Bonding • When an atom gains an electron from another atom, it ends up with more electrons with protons. This results in an overall ___________ charge. • Ions – electrically charged atoms. (Ex) Na+ or Cl- negative

  9. Cl Na Now, the Na gives or transfers its one extra electron to Cl 11P 12N 17P 18N Now everyone is happy

  10. Types of Bonding • Covalent bond – a bond based on the attraction between atoms that share electrons. (Ex) Water –H2 O

  11. Covalent Bonding (Water Molecule) • H2O 1 P Hydrogen 8 P 8 N Hydrogen 1 P Oxygen

  12. Review Questions • In water, how many electrons does oxygen share with each hydrogen atom? • What kind of bond is this? • How many valence electrons does sodium have? • How many valence electrons does chlorine have? • Describe what happens when sodium bonds with chlorine. One Covalent Bond One Seven

  13. Review Questions • What kind of bond is formed between Na and Cl? • After the bond between sodium and chlorine forms, how many electrons does sodium have in the resulting outer layer? • What is the charge of a teaspoon of salt (NaCl) crystals? Explain. An Ionic Bond Eight Neutral

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