Robotics

1. Robotics Where AI meets the real world. Ankit Jainwww.AnkitJain.info

2. What is a Robot ? • “A re-programmable, multifunctional manipulator designed to movematerial, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmedmotions for the performance of a variety of tasks.”

3. A robot must have the following essential characteristics: • Mobility: It possesses some form of mobility. • Programmability: implying computational or symbol- manipulative capabilities that a designer can combine as desired (a robot is a computer). It can be programmed to accomplish a large variety of tasks. After being programmed, it operates automatically. • Sensors: on or around the device that are able to sense the environment and give useful feedback to the device • Mechanical capability: enabling it to act on its environment rather than merely function as a data processing or computational device (a robot is a machine); and • Flexibility:it can operate using a range of programs and manipulates and transport materials in a variety of ways.

4. Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics • Law ZeroA robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm. • First LawA robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. • Second LawA robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. • Third LawA robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

5. Construction & Working of the Robot Mechanical platforms- the hardware base SensorsMotorsDriving mechanismsPower suppliesElectronic ControlsMicrocontroller systemsLanguagesR/C ServosPneumaticsDriving High-Current Loads from LogicControllers

6. Sensors Sensors are the parts that act like senses and can detect objects or things like heat and light and convert the object information into symbols or in analog or digital form so that computers understand. And then Robots react according to information provided by the sensory system Vision Sensor Proximity SensorsProprioceptive SensorsLogical Sensors

7. Proximity sensors Vision Sensor • Camera • Frame grabber • Image processing unit

8. Other devices Motors Driving mechanisms Power supplies Driving High-Current Loads from Logic

9. Microcontroller systems Languages • Speed • Size • Memory • RoboML (Robotic Markup Language) • ROSSUM • XRCL(Extensible Robot Control Language)

10. A robot system architecture

11. Artificial Intelligence • What is artificial intelligence?It is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs • Can a machine think?

12. Appling Robots Safety Animatronics systems Industrial robots Space Robot Ants,James McLurkin invented micro robots that work together as a community.

13. Future • Artificial neural networks • Robots which train themselves Nothing can be predicted about future.

14. Summary • Advantages • Disadvantages • Where gone Asimov’s law? Nothing is totally impossible. Perhaps one day we will be able to produce robots that are practically indistinguishablefrom ourselves.

15. Acknowledgement Thanks to all of my respected teachers for allowing me to represent an article on Robotics. I thank to the Internet Faculty of our college for providing access to Internet for searching data. Thanks to my parents for providing me a ‘Personal Computer’.