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6.2-The Roman Empire

6.2-The Roman Empire. Collapse of Republic. Gap between rich and poor too great Enslaved population huge Small farmers no match for big estates-many became homeless and jobless Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus-reforms for poor as tribunes Limiting size of estates and giving land to poor

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6.2-The Roman Empire

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  1. 6.2-The Roman Empire

  2. Collapse of Republic • Gap between rich and poor too great • Enslaved population huge • Small farmers no match for big estates-many became homeless and jobless • Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus-reforms for poor as tribunes • Limiting size of estates and giving land to poor • Great enemies-violent deaths • Deaths led to civil war • Military unfaithful • Generals seized power for self • Had no loyalty to the republic-only money and power

  3. Julius Caesar Comes to Power • Julius Caesarjoins with Crassus and Pompey • Julius Caesar as consul-3 ruled as triumvirate • Consul (only one year) then governor of Gaul • Military genius-led legions to conquer all of Gaul • Very popular to the people-feared by Senate • Told to disband his legions and return home-refuses • Defeated Pompey’s armies • Comes back to Rome-dictator for life (44 BC)

  4. Caesar and Reforms • Dictator with total control • Extension of Roman citizenship to many provinces • Extension of Senate • Closed gap between rich and poor • Job creation and property • For Senators and Nobles-too much power support, etc. • Brutus and Gaius Cassius-assaination

  5. Beginning of Empire • Republic officially done after Julius death-civil war • Second Triumvirate • Octavian (Caesar’s grandnephew), Mark Antony, Lepidus • Ruled for 10 years-like first-jealousy, violence, etc. • Mark Antony and Cleopatra join forces-fight Octavian • Octavian wins-become emperor-Augustus “exalted one”

  6. Growth of Empire • 27 BC-AD 180-peak of power • PaxRomana-Roman Peace • 60-80 million people, 3 million square miles • 1 million in Rome alone • Augustus very good leader • Set up civil service-paid workers to manage affairs of government • At death-system established sets up stability in empire • Agriculture most important industry • Vast trading network-wealthy cities on Mediterranean • Trade and roads connected Rome to provinces and other places

  7. Roman World Society • Importance of gravitas-discipline, strength and loyalty • Very practical qualities • Diverse Society-most people small farmers • Slavery crucial • Harsh system-slaves as property • Most worked hard labor-others forced to be gladiators • Huge numbers-more than a million lost their lives trying to gain freedom

  8. Roman Religion and Society • Worshiped spirits/forces • Lares as the guardian spirit • Government and religion • Worship gods both in private and public • Classes had little in common • Rich lived in luxury • Poor could barely afford housing, food, etc. • Free games to distract the poor masses-150 holidays a year • Gladiator games big-animals fought to death, gladiators fought to death, etc.

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