A Workflow-Accounting Methodology to Determine Earth Observation Requirements for Air Quality

1. A Workflow-Accounting Methodologyto DetermineEarth Observation Requirements for Air Quality A Contribution from the GEO Air Quality Community of Practice Members who shared their ideas and resources: G. Foley, L. Friedl, K. Hoijarvi, S. Falke, J. Husar, R. Poirot, M. Schulz., K. Torsett, E. Robinson, A, Surijavong, W. White Contact: R. Husar, rhusar@wustl.edu Submitted to the Workshop: Building a User-Driven GEOSS: Methods to Capture, Analyze, and Prioritize User Needs Sydney, Australia, April 10, 2011

2. Earth Observations and Air Quality • Air Quality Management (AQM) and Science relies on EOs for emissions, transport and ambient concentration of air pollutants. • The required EOs are obtained mostly by the AQM Agencies themselves, using in-situ sensors and monitoring networks. • However, • AQM-relevant EOs are only available for small regions of the world • There also need to include emerging remote sensing and AQ model data. • There is a need to integrate and reconcile the existing diverse observations

3. GEOSS Goal: Facilitate access and integration of a broad range of EOs to SBAs, including Air Quality

4. Users and Scientific Communities Served By GEOSS Common Approaches Systems within their Mandates Foley et. Al, UIC, May 2008 User Requirements Success begins and ends on this side of the architecture In order to facilitate Ongoing feedback to optimize value and reduce gaps in GEOSS, this is an initial, limited attempt to formulate a methodology for determining the User Requirements for EOs for Air Quality Management

5. Methodology for Gathering User Requirements: State the SB Sub-Area: e.g. Manage Air Quality Define Major Workflow Steps of the SBA Name the Value-Adding Activities Identify Participants for Each Activity (i.e. the ‘Users’) Determine the Participant’s EO Needs The methodology is a ‘bottom up’ approach. Decomposes the AQM process into workflow steps and specific activities EO needs are determined by the activities and the participating ‘users’ who perform those activities

6. US-09-01a and Current Method are Complementary Approaches Developed Five-Step Methodology for User Requirements 1: State the SB Sub-Area: e.g. Manage Air Quality 2: Define Major Workflow Steps of the SBA 3: Name the Value-Adding Activities 4: Identify Participants for Each Activity (‘Users’) 5: Determine the Participant’s EO Needs Project supported by EPA AQ CoP guided and helped populating AQ URR! User-Requirements for Observations & Models Based on detailed workflow and accounting Similar and consistent with US-09-01a Nine-Step Method for Priority Eos 1:  Identify Analyst and Advisory Group for the SBA 2:  Determine scope of topics within the SBA 3:  Identify docs on obs. priorities for the SBA 4:  Develop analytic methods and priority criteria 5:  Analyze docs for priority EO needs 6:  Combine the info. and develop a prelim. report 7:  Gather feedback on the preliminary report 8:  Perform any additional analysis 9:  Complete the report on Earth obs. for the SBA Output Based on published literature

7. 1. Select SBA: AQ Management2. Define Workflow Bachmann, 2008

8. 3. Define Value Adding Activities: Workflow Step 1: Setting AQ Standard Popul. Density Other Data PM Comp. Receptor Modeler Policy Maker Health Analyst Policy Analyst Transport Meteor. Air Qual. Analyst Gas Comp. Knowledge: Decisions Information: Processed Data Data: Observations Chem. Tr. Modeler Activity Drivers Emission Modeler Emission Analyst Spreadsheet of activities, participants, requirements

9. Activities – User Types - Requirements Workflow Activities User Types Requirements AQ Analyst Develop AQ Standard Det. Background AQ Receptor Mod. Transport Mod. AQ Analyst Assess Health Risk Characterize Current AQ Health Analyst AQ Analyst Assess Aquatic Risk Aquatic Analyst Determine Compliance AQ Analyst Assess Terrestr. Risk Terrestr. Analyst AQ Analyst Assess Visibility Risk Visibility Analyst Eval. Control Effectiveness Set AQ Standard Policy Analyst

10. The Method is compatible with the GEO User Requirements Registry (URR) The URR is a facility for collection, sharing and describing: • User types among the nine SBAs; • Applications that use Earth observations; • Requirements for Earth observations and derived products; • Links among user types, applications, and requirements.

11. Matching Offerings and NeedsTo be Tested in AIP 4 AQ Community Catalog – Extracted from GCI Observation Parameters Matching Needs and Offerings AQ Requirements – Extracted from GEO URR User Needs Parameters

12. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Method • Strengths • It is ‘observation-based’, using the actual activities, and EO uses • Is methodical, so it can be broadly applied as a pattern • The EO needs can be expressed in the same way as EO offerings • Weaknesses • Method is tedious, requires detailed workflow, users, their EO needs • Applicable to well-established AQM activities, not for ad-hoc uses • Not tested for different environments and problem domains • EO Prioritization not yet considered • EO prioritization by this method is a multi-faceted, subtle activity • Not yet addressed by the GEO AQ CoP

13. Extra slides

14. Value Chain for Informing the Public Observation-Data Processed Data Actionable Knowledge Gas Comp. Air Qual. Analyst Transport Meteor. Public Media Public Dec. Maker ForecastModeler Activity Drivers Emission Modeler Emission Analyst

15. Workflow Step 2: Evaluate Current Air Quality Workflow Activities User Types Requirements Develop AQ Standard AQ Analyst Det. Ambient AQ Attribute Sources Receptor Mod. Evaluate Current AQ Transport Mod. Emiss. Analyst Det. Emissions Emiss. Modeler Determ. Exceedance Policy Analyst Determine Compliance Eval. Control Effectiveness

16. Workflow Step 3: Develop and Enforce Compliance Workflow Activities User Types Requirements Develop AQ Standard AQ Analyst Attribute Sources Receptor Mod. Transport Mod. Characterize Current AQ Emiss. Analyst Det. Emissions Emiss. Modeler Develop Compliance Emiss. Reduct. Plan Policy Analyst Eval. Control Effectiveness

17. Workflow Step 4: Evaluate Control Effectiveness Workflow Activities User Types Requirements Develop AQ Standard Emiss. Analyst Det. Emissions Emiss. Modeler AQ Analyst Det. Ambient AQ Attribute Sources Receptor Mod. Characterize Current AQ Transport Mod. AQ Analyst Assess Health Risk Health Analyst AQ Analyst Assess Aquatic Risk Determine Compliance Aquatic Analyst AQ Analyst Assess Terrestr. Risk Terrestr. Analyst AQ Analyst Assess Visibility Risk Visibility Analyst Eval. Control Effectiveness Eval. Control Effect Policy Analyst

18. AQ Management: Science View Processes and Earth Observations for AQ: Emissions, Transport and ambient Concentrations/Depositions User Types: Emission Analysts, Emission Modeler, AQ Data Analyst, AQ Transport Modeler, AQ Receptor Modeler, Health Analyst, Aquatic Analyst, Terrestrial Analyst, Visibility Analyst

19. AQ Management: Science ViewEmissions, Transport and ambient Concentrations/Depositions causing Effects on Health and Welfare Emission Analysts Emission Modeler Transport Modeler Receptor Modeler AQ Data Analyst Health Analyst Aquatic Analyst Terrestrial Analyst Visibility Analyst

20. GEOSS Information Flow Framework AQ Management: Information Flow View GEOSS Core AQ Analyst Modeler AQ Domain Analyst Policy Analyst Policy Maker The AQ Information system processes Earth and other observations into actionable knowledge for policy/decision makers. User Types: AQ data analysts and modelers; health, aquatic and other domain analysts, policy analysts and policy/decision makers