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Block to Polyspermy: Fast Block

Block to Polyspermy: Fast Block. Cortical reaction. Cleavage and implantation. Day 1 =====  Day 14. 陳建榮. http://web.nchu.edu.tw/pweb/users/chenjr/. Cleavage in mammalian zygote. 桑椹胚. 內細胞團或胚球層. 囊胚腔. 滋養層. 囊胚. 卵裂型態 (cleavage patterns): 完全分裂 (total or holoblastic cleavage):

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Block to Polyspermy: Fast Block

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  1. Block to Polyspermy: Fast Block

  2. Cortical reaction

  3. Cleavage and implantation Day 1 ===== Day 14 陳建榮 http://web.nchu.edu.tw/pweb/users/chenjr/

  4. Cleavage in mammalian zygote

  5. 桑椹胚 內細胞團或胚球層 囊胚腔 滋養層 囊胚

  6. 卵裂型態(cleavage patterns): • 完全分裂(total or holoblastic cleavage): • 哺乳類動物(有胎盤哺乳類)之無(或寡)卵黃卵屬之 • 部份分裂(partial or meroblastic cleavage): • 鳥類之端卵黃卵屬之。

  7. Mature Xenopus oocyte

  8. 完全分裂(total or holoblastic cleavage): • Spiral cleavage • Radial cleavage

  9. 部份分裂(partial or meroblastic cleavage): • Incomplete cleavage • Superficial cleavage

  10. Cleavage in Zebra Fish

  11. Monozygotic twin同卵雙生

  12. Estrogen抑制受精卵向子宮移動 Progesterone加速受精卵向子宮移動

  13. Morula stage 犬: 10-11days 家畜: 5-9 days

  14. Implantation types著床型態: 依滋養層與子宮內膜之間接觸的程度，及子宮內膜的被破壞情形可分為 1.間質性著床(interstitial implantation) -靈長類，囓齒類，及部分肉食動物，其胚埋入子宮內膜發育，一直到出生 2.築巢性著床(nidation implantation)或表面著床(superficial implantation): -大多數的家畜，滋養細胞並不會破壞子宮內膜。

  15. 築巢性著床 (nidation) 間質性著床 (interstitial) carnivores, ruminants, horses, and pigs rats and mice humans, and guinea pigs

  16. Interstitial implantation間質性著床: • 步驟： • Invade侵入 • Ingestive吞食 • Digestive消化 • E6 ~ E11 • Trophoblast 滋養層 • Syncytiotrophoblast • Cytotrophoblast • -Inner cell mass (embryoblast)胚球層 •  bilaminar embryonic disc雙層胚盤

  17. Trophoblast滋養層 : • Cytotrophoblast細胞滋養層 • Syncytiotrophoblast合體滋養層 • EPF (early pregnancy factor)早期妊娠因子 • 24～48hr -- 10 days • In mothernal serum • hCG人類絨毛性腺激素 • 10 days • In mother’s urine Embryoblast (inner cell mass) Hypoblast下胚層 (primary endoderm) hCG  corpus luteum  progesterone 妊娠試驗： hCG、EPF • Inhibition of implantation • Diethylstibestrol”事後丸” • RU486”流產藥丸”

  18. 築巢性(nidation)或表面著床(superficial implantation) 進行方式: -並置(apposition):囊胚平均排列於子宮或子宮角腔內、雙子宮的動物如兔子則無此現象。 -黏接(adhension):囊胚與子宮內膜接觸，子宮內膜上皮與滋養細胞連接甚緊。 -附著(attachment):有蹄類的滋養細胞與子宮黏膜上皮之間形成微絨毛性指間構造。

  19. 著床開始的時期與完成的時間因動物而異 • ───┬────────────────────── • 動物 │開始 並置 接觸 附著 完成 • ───┼────────────────────── • 貓 │11-12 16-17 (5) • 狗 │14-17 20-21 (4-6) • 牛 │ 8-32 40-45 (13-32) • 綿羊 │4-16 10 16 28-35 (19-24) • 馬 │5-40 38-39 95-105 (65-90) • 豬 │2-13 12 13-14 16-18 24-26 (13-22) • 人 │6-7 12-13 (6) • ────────────────────────── • *時間是以授精後算起。

  20. 人工受孕 • 男性不孕 • 數目太少 • 品質太差 • 無精子 • 女性不孕 • 輸卵管阻塞 • 子宮切除 • 自發性流產 Intracytoplasmic sperm injection Surrogate mothers

  21. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

  22. Human 子宮外孕(ectopic pregnancies) Placenta previa前置胎盤 家畜：Antimesometrial 對子宮系膜

  23. Day 8 • Inner cell mass •  Amnion羊膜 +Epiblast上胚層 • bilaminar disc雙層胚盤 • Hypoblast下胚層 • Epiblast上胚層 • Amnoitic cavity羊膜腔 Epiblast exocoelomic membrane外胚腔膜 Blastocytic cavity囊胚腔  Exocoelomic cavity外胚腔腔室 (primary yolk sac初級卵黃囊)

  24. Day 9 Extraembryonic mesoderm胚外中胚層 • Syncytiotrophoblast • Lacuna陷窩

  25. Syncytiotrophoblast ↓ Endomatrial stromal cell  Decidual cell蛻膜細胞 => decidual reaction蛻膜反應 Day 10 - 12 Lacunar  lacunar network • Extraembryonic mesoderm胚外中胚層 • Extraembryonic coelomic space胚外體空隙

  26. Closing plug閉鎖栓

  27. Decidual cell蛻膜細胞

  28. Day 13 • Extraembryonic mesoderm胚外中胚層 • Extraembryonic coelomic space胚外體空隙 • extraembryonic coelom胚外體腔 • Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm胚外壁層中胚層 • Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm胚外臟層中胚層 • Chorion絨毛膜 • Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm • Cytotrophoblast • Syncytiotrophoblast • Extraembryonic coelom胚外體腔 • Chorionic cavity絨毛膜腔

  29. Day 14 • Primary yolk sac • Secondary yolk sac • Remnant of primary yolk sac Cytotrophoblast  Primary chorionic villus初級絨毛膜絨毛 Hypoblast  Prechordal plate脊索前板

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