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Derivational morphemes

Derivational morphemes. Viktoriya POLTAVETS SÖNMEZ 07271045. I. Morphology. Morph (form) + ology (science of) -- > Morphology (the science of word forms) The study of the internal structure of words The rules by which words are formed.

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Derivational morphemes

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  1. Derivational morphemes Viktoriya POLTAVETS SÖNMEZ 07271045

  2. I. Morphology • Morph (form) + ology (science of) • -- > Morphology (the science of word forms) • The study of the internal structure of words • The rules by which words are formed

  3. Traditionally, the term “morphology” refers to the study of “morphemes”. • But…what’s a morpheme?

  4. I. 1. What is morpheme? • Dictionary: • Morpheme •  (môr'fēm') • n. • A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts. • morphemic mor·phem'icadj. • morphemically mor·phem'i·cal·lyadv. http://www.answers.com/topic/morpheme

  5. EX: speak (v.) + -er = speaker (n.) • The “-er” that changes “speak” to “speaker” is a part of what’s known as the derivational morphology of English. • Derivational morphology deals with morphemes that change the lexical category of the word they are added to. • Since “-er” changes “speak”, a verb, to “speaker”, a noun, we can say it derives the noun “speaker” from the verb “speak”. • A morpheme is a piece of phonological information that has a conventionalized meaning arbitrarily associated with it.

  6. I.1.1.Derivational morphemes • Far more numerous than inflectional morphemes • Allow productivity (involved in the coining of new words) • Can be prefixes, or suffixes • Suffixes usually, but not always, change word class • Prefixes, usually don’t

  7. Derivational morphemes derive one word from another. • They have the following properties: • - They affect the meaning of the morpheme that they attach to. • E.g. re- means to redo the process, de- means to undo the process, un- means not…. • - They can change the grammatical category of the word they attach to. • E.g. noun becomes adjective, adjective becomes verb, etc. • - They can be used to create new words, such as debug, reboot, unbirthday, etc.

  8. Prefix: An affix that occurs before a morpheme It changes the type of meaning of the word. Suffix: An affix that occurs after a morpheme It changes the category and/or the type of meaning of the word, so it is said to create a new word. e.g. suffix –ment in government English Affixes(based on the position)

  9. English Prefixes Examples of Negative Prefixes: un- non- dis- a- Examples of size and degree prefixes: mini- sub- over- super-

  10. Class preserving suffixation: -er  lecturer -ian librarian -ist  scientist -let  piglet Class changing suffixation: Verb  Noun perform performance Adjective  Adverb nice  nicely Adjective  Noun active  activity English Suffixes

  11. Some examples of English Derivational Morpheme • -ic : Noun  Adj ; alcohol  alcoholic • -ance : Verb  Noun ; clear  clearance • -ly : Adj  Adv ; exact  exactly • -ity : Adj  Noun ; active  activity • -able : Verb  Adj ; read  readable • -ship : Noun  Noun ; friend  friendship • re- : Verb  Verb ; cover  recover • in- : Adj  Adj ; definite  indefinite

  12. How to teach derivation morphemes in the classroom?

  13. Add the prefix un to each word. ACTIVITY 1. The prefix un means the opposite. happy Un + happy = Un + lock = lock zip Un + zip = Sixth grade

  14. ACTIVITY 2. Add the prefix dis to each word The prefix dis means the opposite. like dis + like = ……………………………………………. agree dis + agree =………………………………………. dis + connect = ……………………………. connect

  15. Comfortable,friendly, patient, polite, possible, sensitive, tidy, tolerant. Complete the sentences. Use the negative form of the adjectives in the box. 1 My bedroom is always……………………… . 2 Everyone does things differently – you shouldn’t be ……………………… . 3 It’s ……………………… if you don’t say ‘Thank you’ in English. 4 I bought a new bed because the old one was quite ……………………… . 5 I think it’s ……………………… to get all the answers correct! 6 He laughed at her when she was upset. He’s very ……………………… . 7 Our new neighbours are a bit ……………………… . They didn’t say ‘hello’ this morning. 8 Wait a minute! Don’t be so ……………………… .

  16. REFERENCES: • Akkan, Hakan "Turkish EFL Learners' Awareness and Use of English Morphology in Guessing the Meanings of Unknown Words from Context: A Case Study" www.belgeler.com • http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/8351/ • http://www.scribd.com/doc/61488125/Morphology-Problem-Set-Turkish • www.english.web.tr • Yule,G. (2006). The study of language. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

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