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Lesson Objectives

Lesson Objectives . By the end of this lesson you will be able to: (a) Define hardware , giving examples (b) Define software , giving examples (c) Describe the difference between hardware and software

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Lesson Objectives

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  1. Lesson Objectives By the end of this lesson you will be able to: (a) Define hardware, giving examples (b) Define software, giving examples (c) Describe the difference between hardware and software (d) Identify the main components of a general-purpose computer: central processing unit, main/internal memory (including ROM and RAM)

  2. Hardware or Software? • You have 2 minutes to discuss with the person sitting next to you, which is hardware and which is software… 1. Printer - 2. Adobe Acrobat - 3. Windows 7 - 4. Motherboard - 5. Scanner - 6. Graphics Driver - Hardware Software Software Hardware Hardware Software

  3. Definitions… • Hardware is a general term for the physical components that make up a computer system. • Write down 3 examples of hardware. • Software is a general term for the programs that control the computer system. • Write down 3 examples of software. • For a computer system to be useful it has to consist of both hardware and software.

  4. With the person sitting next to you... You have 2 minutes to discuss and label the diagram below: Backing Storage Input Main Memory Process Output

  5. Title: Components of a Computer System Draw the following diagram in your book: OUTPUT INPUT PROCESS MAIN MEMORY BACKING STORAGE

  6. Matching Up… • In pairs match each device to it’s type and description • For example: Scanner Input Used to convert images on paper into digital format

  7. Answers…

  8. Components of a Computer System • You will be looking at input, output and storage devices later in the course. • For the rest of this lesson we will look at the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and Main Memory. • What do you think the CPU does?

  9. Central Processing Unit • The CPU is the brain of the computer. • It is the device that carries out software instructions. • The Pentium processor made by Intel is an example of a CPU. • CPUs usually plug into a large socket on the main circuit board (the motherboard) of a computer. • They get very hot when they are operating so usually have a large fan attached to their top to keep them cool.

  10. Main Memory • The CPU needs to store data whilst its carrying out the processing required. • The data or instructions that are to be processed by the CPU must be placed into main memory. • Memory can be classed into two types: RAM and ROM

  11. Random Access Memory (RAM) • Random Access Memory (RAM) is the part of the computer that temporarily stores the instructions that the computer is running, and the data it is processing. • RAM is a volatile storage device. This means that if the computer’s power is turned off the contents of RAM disappear and are lost. • When a computer is in use, its RAM will contain: • The operating system software • The application software currently being used • Any data that is being processed

  12. RAM – Notes from Mark Schemes • Random Access Memory • A temporary store of data • Holds the date that is currently being used by the user • It is volatile so data is lost when the computer is turned off • It can be read from or written to • The data in RAM can be changed • It is needed so that users are able to make changes to the data they are working on/to store the program or data they are currently using

  13. Read-Only Memory (ROM) • Read-Only Memory (ROM) is used in most computers to hold a small piece of software: the 'boot up' program. • This 'boot up' software is known as the BIOS (Basic Input Output System), it checks the computer’s hardware and then loads the operating system. • ROM is non-volatile storage. This means that the data it contains is never lost, even if the power is switched off.

  14. ROM Notes from Mark Schemes • Read Only Memory • It is non-volitile so not lost when the computer is turned off • Stores things such as: BIOS, Programs in washing machine, program instructions for games • The data cannot be changed • It is used so that programs/coding/software can be stored permanently/cannot be changed

  15. Lesson Summary This lesson we looked at: • What hardware and software are • Some examples of them • The main components of a computer system • The CPU • Main Memory – RAM and ROM

  16. Plenary Questions – What is… Hardware = • Software = • CPU = Physical Components Programs The Brain

  17. Past Exam Questions

  18. RAM – So that users are able to make changes to the data they are working on/to store the program or data they are currently using (1) • ROM – So that programs/coding/software can be stored permanently/cannot be changed (1) [3]

  19. Exam Paper Question

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