1 / 27

Morphological structure of English words (MORPHEMES) Lecture # 2

Morphological structure of English words (MORPHEMES) Lecture # 2. Grigoryeva M. Language Units. Morphemes Words Word groups Phraseological units. MORPHEME. morphe – “form” - eme “the smallest unit” Morphemes - are the smallest meaningful unit of form

oneida
Download Presentation

Morphological structure of English words (MORPHEMES) Lecture # 2

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Morphological structure of English words(MORPHEMES)Lecture # 2 Grigoryeva M.

  2. Language Units • Morphemes • Words • Word groups • Phraseological units

  3. MORPHEME • morphe – “form” • - eme “the smallest unit” Morphemes- are the smallest meaningful unit of form • cannot be segmented into smaller units • can occur in speech only as constituent parts of words • are divided into lexical morphemes and grammatical morphemes

  4. ALLOMORPHS • Phonetic variants of one and the same morpheme Ex: please-pleasing [pliz-] pleasant [plez-]

  5. Lexical morphemes • Free Roots • Bound Affixes

  6. FREE morphemes coincide with a word-form may stand alone without changing its meaning can be only roots Ex. sport- in sportive BOUND morphemes do not coincide with separate word-forms occur only as a constituent part of words are mostly derivational morphemes Ex. –ive in sportive;

  7. Semantically • Root morphemes (radicals) • Non-root morphemes

  8. A ROOT morpheme (RADICALS) • is a lexical center of a word • has an individual lexical meaning common to a set of semantically related words (word-family) Exto write, writer, writing • does not possess a part-of-speech meaning Ex cold water, to water flowers

  9. Non-root morphemes (Derivational) • Inflectional morphemes (inflections) endings • Affixational morpheme (affixes) prefixes suffixes functional derivational

  10. Inflectional morphemes(inflections) • Inflectional morphemes (inflections)- endings- carry only grammatical meaning Ex–s (plural of nouns) - ed (Past Indefinite of regular verbs)

  11. A PREFIX • a derivational morpheme • stands before the root • modifies the word meaning Ex hearten – dishearten safe - unsafe

  12. SUFFIX • Derivational morpheme • Follows the root • Forms a new derivative in a different part of speech or a different word class Exheart-en heart-y heart-less

  13. FUNCTIONAL AFFIXES • build different forms of one and the same word (a word-form) Ex. boy- boys, boy’s – boys’; take – takes; hearty – heartier – (the) heartiest

  14. DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES • build new words Exto teach - a teacher • have a part-of-speech meaning Ex. to change – changeable to organize – organization • are dependent on the root they modify (bound)

  15. Structurally • Free morphemes • Bound morphemes • Semi-bound (semi-free) morphemes

  16. Free morphemes • coincide with the stem or a word form Exfriendship

  17. Bound morphemes • Occur only as a constituent of a word (affixes are always bound morphemes) Exdarkness impolite to dramatize

  18. Semi-bound (semi-free) morphemes • Function in a morphemic sequence both as an affix and as a free morpheme Exto sleep well(free morphemes – coincidewith half an hour thestem and the word-form) well- known (bound morphemes- a part of half-done the word)

  19. Completives (a combining form) • is a bound form • a distinguishing feature from an affix---borrowed from another language • occur in compounds (that didn’t exist in the original language and were formed in modern times) Exaerogram ( Greek ------ aer = air) claustrophobia(Greek ----- claustrum=closed space phobia=fear) Beatlesmania (modern - Beatles Greek ---- mania = madness)

  20. Splinters • clipping the end or the beginning of a word to produce new words Mini- miniature (minibus) Eco- ecology (ecomenu) • burger hamburger (cheeseburger) • wich sandwich (turkeywich)

  21. Types of meaning • Lexical • Differential • Part – of- speech • Distributional

  22. Lexical meaning • Is individual for root-morphemes ExTeach teacher teaching • Is generalizing for affixational morphemes Ex -en (the change of a quality) deepen deafened

  23. Some affixational morphemes with the same denotational meaning differ in conotation womanly - womanlike - womanish женственный женский бабий

  24. Differential meaning • To distinguish one word from others containing identical morphemes Ex A bookshelf a book+case a book+stall

  25. Part-of-speech meaning • In most cases affixational morphemes are indicative of the part of speech Ex-ment (noun) - less (adjective) - ize (verb)

  26. Distributional meaning • The meaning of the order and arrangement of morphemes making up a word containing more than one morpheme sing-(to make musical sounds) Exsing+er -er(the doer of the action) er+singIMPOSSIBLE!

More Related