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Attention

Attention. Selective Attention. Debrief Questions. List all the things you were hearing during your discussion. Was it difficult to focus on the conversation? Did you hear another groups conversation? What were they talking about? Did you hear your name called? Why might this be so?.

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Attention

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  1. Attention Selective Attention

  2. Debrief Questions • List all the things you were hearing during your discussion. Was it difficult to focus on the conversation? • Did you hear another groups conversation? What were they talking about? • Did you hear your name called? Why might this be so?

  3. I.B. Learning Outcomes • C6- Evaluate two models or theories of one cognitive process with reference to research studies. • C2- Explain how principles that define the cognitive level of analysis may be demonstrated in research.

  4. Today’s Goals • I can define attention • I can explain Boardbent’s Model of Attention • I can explain Treisman’s Model of Attention • I can apply models of Attention to Real World Situations.

  5. Attention • Selective Attention - The cognitive process of selectively focusing on one stimuli of an environment while ignoring the other stimuli. • The Allocation of perception

  6. Cognitive Cycle

  7. General Ideas about Attention • Attention is limited. • We can only pay attention to a few things at once. • Research focuses on sound because we have limited control over what we hear (vs. sight)

  8. Cocktail Party Effect • The ability for people to track one conversation in the face of other nearby conversations. • Example: Talking during break/lunch in the commons

  9. Dichotic Listeningand Shadowing • Dichotic Listening – The process of listening to two separate messages in each ear. • Shadowing – Repeating back the message from a single ear.

  10. Broadbent (1954) • Method: Three Digits were played in one ear while a different set of Three digits were played in the other ear. Participants asked to record digits in two ways… • Ear by Ear: Left- 7, 3, 9 Right- 2, 8, 1 • Pair by Pair: 7, 2, 3, 8, 9, 1 • Results: Accuracy was better for Ear by Ear recall. • Conclusion: Attention can only be focused on one channel at a time and switching is difficult.

  11. Treisman (1960) • Method: Played messages in each ear but switched the message midway through to the unattended ear. (Right  Left). • Results: Participants were able to switch to the unattended ear. • Conclusions: • 1. Unattended channel receives analysis • 2. Attention is guided by meaning

  12. Norman Pertinence Model (1968) • Pertinence: the momentary importance of information, whether caused by permanent or transitory factors. • Your Name • Favorite Sports Team • Tree (when talking about forests)

  13. The Situation • During break, you are having a conversation about the differences between yourselves now and when you were freshmen with your friends in the commons. You are all laughing when you hear a vibration from a cell phone. Your Task: • Outline how this situation can be explained for each of the three models. • What model best explains this? Which one the least? • For each model, list strengths & limitations.

  14. Evaluation and Further Explanation • http://www.simplypsychology.org/attention-models.html • http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/psychology/attention/revise-it/focused-attention

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