Thursday, April 11 th

1. Thursday, April 11th Bell-Ringer: Please pick up and complete (with a partner), the Unit Review worksheet on the front table.

2. Daily Agenda: • Bell-Ringer: Unit Review worksheet • Word of the Day aesthetic, pandemic • Lecture: Land-Based Empires (cont.) • Daily Learning Check • Clicker Review: The Early Modern Era • 20 Questions Review Homework: Study for Unit 4 Test (Ch. 22-27)

3. AESTHETIC—Relating to the nature of beauty, art, and taste; Having a sense of what is beautiful, attractive, or pleasing Did you know the Mona Lisa is considered on the most beautiful paintings of all time? The answer lies in its use of the Golden Ratio, the naturally occurring ratio of height to width that is most ASTHETICALLY pleasing to humans. The Mona Lisa face is composed entirely of Golden Ratio rectangles and thus adds to the overall AESTETIC of the painting. However, the Golden Ratio is not limited to art, and examples can be found in ancient Greek architecture, Egyptian pyramids, biology, and even widescreen television screens. “Read-Aloud “ April 11th, Period 1

4. AESTHETIC—Relating to the nature of beauty, art, and taste; Having a sense of what is beautiful, attractive, or pleasing

5. AESTHETIC—Relating to the nature of beauty, art, and taste; Having a sense of what is beautiful, attractive, or pleasing Explain how the following picture would be AESTHETICALLY pleasing to a person from Brazil. Also, what AESTHETICAL features of this picture you do enjoy? “associations“ April 11th, Period 2

6. answers • The picture is of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Someone from Rio may find this picture beautiful as it is an image of their homeland. The image may give the native Brazilian a tranquil feeling of home. • Answers will vary. “associations“ April 11th, Period 2

7. Pandemic – An epidemic that is geographically widespread and affects a large proportion of the population. • In the movie I Am Legend, a manmade virus known as KV triggers a global PANDEMIC that kills almost all of the human population on Earth. While there has never been a real PANDEMIC of this magnitude, virus strains and diseases have caused widespread deaths. In 1347 the Black Plague killed as many as one-third of the people in Europe. In the 16th century, Spanish conquistadors spread small pox and other diseases that decimated the indigenous populations in Central America, the Caribbean, and Mexico. Our own times have not been immune to epidemics. The 1918 flu PANDEMIC killed 50 to 100 million people, and more recently we have had SARS, Asian Bird Flu, and Swine Flu PANDEMICS.

8. The 5 things to know about … Land-Based Empires Review

9. Caravels Vasco de Gama Catholic Portugal Prince Henry The Navigator East Indies Trade East African Colonies

10. Henry VIII James Cook Petition of Right Australia England Mercantilism Puritans Glorious Revolution Charles II

11. Northern Renaissance Japanese Trade The Netherlands William of Orange Boers VOC Batavia Spanish Province “Tulip Mania”

12. Millets Venice Ottoman Empire Devshirme Wahhabism Istanbul Suleiman the Magnificent Askeri Hürrem Sultan Tax Farming

13. Edo “Alternate Attendance” Manchuria Tokugawa Shogunate 47 Ronin Incident Francis Xavier Rice Brokers Dutch Studies Isolation

14. Concept Review All of the terms on each slide relate to one concept. Raise your hand when you can identify what is being described.

15. Qing China • European interactions (Matteo Ricci / Jesuit issue) • Treaty of Nerchinsk (Russia agreement over land near Manchuria) • Cultural Influence and Isolation (Wallpaper, variolation, products, queue, etc.; guarded Manchu identity) • Macartney Mission (Attempt to open Canton System; Cultural failure) • Population and Social Stress (Physical decline / poor administration)

16. Russian Empire • Moscow as the “Third Rome”(Mongols out in 1478, Orthodox Church helps unify) • Romanov reforms (serfdom implemented) • Taming Siberia(Stroganovs, Cossacks, the “Wild East”) • Peter’s reforms (expansion, modernization, political reforms) • Catherine’s reforms (Infrastructure, expansion, enlightenment)

17. Before you leave today: Make sure to complete the Daily Learning Check sheet and bell-ringer activity (yesterday’s and today’s) and turn them in to the homework bin.

18. Clicker Review Sample Questions from the Early Modern Era

19. What single factor distinguished the Mughal Empire from the Ottoman and Safavid Empires? • India had never been unified under one government before. • India had never been exposed to Islam before. • India was a much more sophisticated society than those of the Ottoman and Safavid Empires. • India was more active in trade than either the Ottoman or Safavids. • The majority of Indian society was non-Muslim. 0 of 30

20. The largest advantage that Cortes and Pizarro had over their Amerindian opponents was • Smallpox and an effective battle strategy that they had perfected in earlier conquests. • A massive army that outnumbered the Aztecs and Inca over two to one. • The services of the venerable and fearsome Chuck Norris. • The use of gunpowder and a better understanding of the battlegrounds. • The use of horses and steel armor. 0 of 30

21. African slavery was the primary labor system utilized in the West Indies. Why were Indentured Servants used primarily in North America? • Indentured servants made better field laborers than African slaves. • The plantation system, lacking in North America, allowed owners more initial money to invest in the more expensive African slaves. • It was difficult to transport African slaves from the West Indies to North America. • The British encomienda system failed to continue to provide enough labor due to diseases. • All of the above. 0 of 30

22. Which is TRUE of the image? • It was a great example of Early Renaissance painting. • It demonstrates the shift to fresco painting. • It illustrates the shift to mannerism. • It was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci. • All of the above. 0 of 30

23. Akbar’s religious attitude can best be described as • tolerant and inquisitive. • Tolerant but disinterested. • Intolerant and hostile. • Intolerant and disinterested. • Undeveloped and secular. 0 of 30

24. Participant Scores

25. The most prominent form of state structure during this period was • Land-based or maritime empires utilizing military technologies • The small trade-based capitalist states such as the Netherlands • Democratic states • Decentralized government • Theocratic states 0 of 30

26. A major feature of the early modern globalization of international trade was the • Dominance of trade by the Muslims • Intentional isolation of countries from participating in international trade • Unequal economic and commercial relationships and the dependence of many other states on European states • Decline of the luxury trade • Decrease of unfree labor such as slavery and serfdom 0 of 30

27. The culture or lifestyle that had influenced world history since the Neolithic revolution but ceased to play any role after this era was • Islamic civilization • Chinese civilization • Agricultural societies • Religion • Pastoral nomadic cultures 0 of 30

28. The main reason European conquerors and navigators were able to sail and continue to explore, and the reason the Ming Chinese fleets in the Indian Ocean failed was • Europeans had superior military technologies and the Chinese did not • Europe encountered no opposition, while the Chinese did • European governments supported and encouraged overseas expeditions; the Ming did not • European nations were wealthier than the Chinese • China had a smaller population base than Europe and could not afford to send people abroad 0 of 20

29. The fragmentation of Christianity during the Reformations into Catholic and Protestant sects most closely resembles the • Sunni-Shia divisions within Islam over political leadership of the Muslim community • Buddha’s founding of Buddhism out of Hindu traditions • Expulsion of the Christians from Judaism around 70 CE • Transformation of religions from polytheism to monotheism • Absorption of Muslim ideas by Hinduism following contacts between the two religions 0 of 20

30. Participant Scores

31. 20 Questions Review Game: • As a class, you have 20 total questions to identify the term given to the volunteer. • You may ONLY ask questions that can be answered in a “Yes/No” format. • You may not ask for clarification of an answer. • The volunteer will do there best to answer the question based on their background knowledge and the few reminder hints provided. • Volunteers may ask Mr. Naruta for clarification when they are unsure of an answer.