The Origin of Humans

1. The Origin of Humans

2. The First Humans Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light. - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist

3. Early Discoveries

4. Stages of Early Human Development 1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE Paleolithic Age:( Old Stone Age ) 2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE 2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE 3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE 4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE

5. The Paleolithic Age • “Paleolithic”--> “Old Stone” Age • 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE • Made tools • hunting (men) & gathering (women) --> small bands of 20-30 humans • NOMADIC (moving from place to place)

6. Stage 1 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE • Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans. • Australopithecines • An Apposable Thumb

7. Stage 1 • HOMO HABILIS( “Man of Skills” ) • found in East Africa. • created stone tools.

8. The Paleolithic Age • Humans during this period found shelter in caves. • Cave paintings left behind. Purpose??

9. Stage 2 1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE • HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” ) • BIPEDALISM • Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology • First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. • First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE )

10. Differing Human Migration Theories Are we all Africans “under the skin”????

11. Stage 3 200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE HOMO SAPIENS( “Wise Human Being” ) Neanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE ) Cro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE )

12. Stage 3 NEANDERTHALS: • Neander Valley, Germany (1856) • First humans to bury their dead. • Made clothes from animal skins. • Lived in caves and tents.

13. Stage 3 NEANDERTHALS Early Hut/Tent

14. Stage 3 CRO-MAGNONs: • Homo sapiens sapiens( “Wise, wise human” ) • By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals. WHY???

15. Homo sapiens sapiens in Europe

16. The Last Ice Age 70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

17. The Neolithic Age • “Neolithic” --> “New Stone” Age • 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE • Gradual shift from: Nomadic lifestyle--> settled, stationery lifestyle. Hunting/Gathering --> agricultural production and domestication of animals.

18. The Agricultural Revolution • 8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE • Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. • SLASH-AND-BURN Farming Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia 8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE

19. The Agricultural Revolution ? ? Development of Agriculture ? ?

20. Early Settled Communities • Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations. • More permanent, settled communities emerged. • 9,000 BCE --> Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMO( northern Iraq ) -->wheat

21. Early Settled Communities • 8,000 BCE --> Largest Early Settlement atÇatal Hüyük( Modern Turkey ) --> 6,000 inhabitants • 12 cultivated crops • Division of labor • Engaged in trade • Organized religion An obsidian dagger • Small military

22. Early Settled Communities Çatal Hüyük

23. CITIES ! CIVILIZATIONS !!

24. What are the characteristics of a civilization??

25. Advanced Cities Advanced Technology CIVILIZATION Specialized Workers Record- Keeping Complex Institutions