How To Read A Text Like A Historian or Scientist

1. How To Read A Text Like A Historian or Scientist College and Career Readiness Conference 2014

2. Session Goal Participants will examine strategies and skills that support the understanding of Social Studies and Science texts through close reading.

3. Close Reading Refreshers! • A close reading is the careful, sustained analysis of any text that focuses on significant details or patterns and that typically examines some aspect of the text’s form, craft, meanings, etc. (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/751/01/) • What does PARCC say? Close analytic reading entails the careful gathering of observations abouta text and careful consideration about what those observations taken together add up to — from the smallest linguistic matters to larger issues of overall understanding and judgment. PARCC Model Content Frameworks for ELA/Literacy, p.6

4. Why?? Why do you think students experience difficulty in reading in the content areas?

5. Reading Like a Discipline Insider… Identify the reading behaviors used in the following slides. Turn and Talk, and then share.

6. English Language Arts A Child’s Garden of Verses: Selected Poems By: Robert Louis Stevenson My Bed Is A Boat My bed is like a little boat;Nurse helps me in when I embark;She girds me in my sailor’s coatAnd starts me in the dark.At night I go on board and sayGood-night to all my friends on shore;I shut my eyes and sail awayAnd see and hear no more.And sometimes things to bed I take,As prudent sailors have to do;Perhaps a slice of wedding-cake,Perhaps a toy or two.All night across the dark we steer;But when the day returns at last,Safe in my room beside the pier,I find my vessel fast.

7. Social Studies

8. Mighty Morphin Milk Science Who knew that moo juice could be so much fun? Mix milk and vinegar together to create your own plastic, ready to be molded into any shape you want! You'll need: - 4 ounces of milk - 1 teaspoon of vinegar - a small pan - a small clean jar What to do: 1. Heat the milk in a pan until it curdles, or forms lumps. 
 2. Slowly pour off the runny liquid. 
 3. Put the lumps in the jar and add vinegar. Let it stand for an hour or so. What happens: After an hour or so, you'll find that a rubbery blob has formed in the jar! Slowly pour off any runny liquid inside. Then take the blob out and shape it into a ball or some other simple shape. Let it harden in the open jar or on a paper towel for a few hours or longer. Once it has dried, you may want to decorate it with acrylic paints. Why this happens: When the milk and vinegar (or any kind of acid) are mixed together, the milk separates into a liquid and a solid made of fat, minerals, and a protein called casein (KAY-seen). Casein is made up of very long molecules that bend like rubber until they harden. Resource: http://kids.discovery.com/activities/science-experiments/mighty-morphin-milk

9. Practice Reading Like a historian or a scientist

10. When historians read… when scientists read… Reading Like A Historian • Ask questions about what was going on in the world at the time the text was written • Think carefully about what the author is saying to check for accuracy • Think about things that could be shaping the author’s ideas • Check the facts to be sure they are correct • Think about why the author chose to use certain words • Compare the text with other sources • Write down who, what, when where, and why to understand connections Reading Like A Scientist • Ask questions based on facts • Read back and forth between the words and the visuals because it helps to understand the ideas • Make predictions about what they read • Think and make their own pictures in their thoughts while reading • Read closely about an idea or experiment • Consider data-based graphs and charts as important as the words in a text • Read graphs and charts to find patterns and relationships in the data • Evaluate and collect evidence • Read to understand discipline specific terms

11. What are the different texts for different disciplines? • Science: • Graphic displays • Data • Charts and Graphs • Models and Diagrams • Procedures • Videos & Simulations Social Studies: Primary Sources Maps Videos Photographs Objects

12. Sample Text for Science/Social Studies • Read the text • Chart reading behaviors to consider: *In Red: write reading behaviors of a Historian or Scientist *In Purple: circle reading behaviors you would like to use but are not as familiar with

13. “Give Me Liberty Or Give Me Death” Speech Patrick Henry, March 23, 1775 Speech Excerpt: It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace -- but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! -- I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death! Full speech text available at: http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/patrick.asp Image source: http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3b50326/

14. http://www.prehistoricplanet.com/features/index.php?id=48

15. Planning How To Teach Reading Like A historian or a scientist

16. Examples of Considerations…

17. Investigate • Read the sample texts • Take a Gallery Walk • What makes this text complex? (Green) • What considerations will I use in planning? (Blue) • What are the unique discipline reading behaviors? (Red)

18. The Preamble to the Constitution of the United States We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

19. Monarch Butterfly Sightings Spring 2014 http://www.learner.org/jnorth/maps/monarch_spring2014.html

20. ANGANGUEO, Mexico — Every year, millions of orange-and-black butterflies fly the length of North America. They travel to Mexico to spend the winter there. But their journey is in danger. The number of these monarch butterflies is falling. There are many reasons why. Farmers are using more weed killer. Also, the weather has been severe. And more and more forests are being cut down. The monarch butterfly colonies in Mexico were much smaller this year than ever before. Scientists say these butterfly groups may soon disappear. The orange-and-black butterfly is a popular insect that most school kids can easily recognize. Scientists say there are many reasons for the drop in the number of monarch butterflies. But they are focusing on one main reason: The butterflies can't live without a plant called milkweed. Big Drop In Milkweed Female monarchs lay eggs on milkweed. When they hatch, the larvae grow into caterpillars that eat the milkweed’s leaves. Those leaves contain a poison that protects the monarchs from their predators. The caterpillars then form chrysalises and soon emerge as butterflies. But the milkweed plant is widely treated as a weed to be destroyed. The number of fields that have milkweed in them has dropped in the past 10 years. Corn and soybean crops have been changed and weed killer can't hurt them. So farmers can now use a stronger weed killer. That makes it harder for milkweed to grow in the fields. Most monarch butterflies live only a little more than a month. But some live for seven or eight months. That is long enough to fly to Mexico for the winter. In Mexico, the butterflies often stay in the same trees that their parents or grandparents did. The butterflies fly back north in the spring. There, they lay eggs on milkweed and then die, making way for the next generation. Resource: http://newsela.com/articles/monarch-crisis/id/3430/

21. Look Closer: Make It Rich! • Encourage Speaking & Listening – examine MCCRS • Include Short Focused Research opportunities for students • Select Multiple Texts = more powerful understanding • Set a Classroom Goal for Disciplinary Literacy Reading AND Content!

22. SPEAKING & LISTENING READING & WRITING SOCIAL STUDIES SCIENCE

23. Powerful Minds Turn and Talk: How does linking literacy strategies into content areas create a more powerful lesson?

24. Give Me Five! • On index cards, list five or more considerations when reading a text in your content area. (One idea per card) • Stand Up! • If you wrote the same consideration as the one being shared aloud, put it in the “Great Idea!” Pile in the middle of your table. • The last teacher(s) standing may have thought of something to consider that you didn’t. Remember – let’s learn from each other, we are each other’s greatest resource!