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CHAPTER Protocols and IEEE Standards. Chapter Objectives. Discuss different protocols pertaining to communications and networking. Module. Important Communication and Networking Protocols. Layer 7. Application. Layer 6. Presentation. Layer 5. Session. Layer 4. Transport. Layer 3.
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Chapter Objectives • Discuss different protocols pertaining to communications and networking
Module Important Communication and Networking Protocols
Layer 7 Application Layer 6 Presentation Layer 5 Session Layer 4 Transport Layer 3 Network Layer 2 Data Link Layer 1 Physical ISO-OSI Seven Layer Model Recalled Source: http://starter.sdsu.edu/remote/demo/osi-tcp.html
Application Application Presentation Session Transport Host-to-Host Network Internet Data Link Network Access Physical Comparison of ISO-OSI Model and the DOD (TCP/IP) Model Source: http://starter.sdsu.edu/remote/demo/osi-tcp.html
Application Application FTP, Telnet, SMTP, HTTP.. Presentation Session Transport Host-to-Host TCP, UDP Network Internet IP, ICMP Data Link Network Access Ethernet, Token-Ring ... Physical Layer Reference to Protocol Recalled Source: http://starter.sdsu.edu/remote/demo/osi-tcp.html
POP3/SMTP • Protocol used in electronic mail transfer • Between the mail server and the mail client • POP3 • Incoming mail • IMAP • Incoming mail • More advanced and has more features than POP3 • The later version is IMAP4 • SMTP • Outgoing mail
FTP • File Transfer Protocol • File transfer between a client and an FTP server • Uses ports 20 and 21
Telnet • Supports terminal emulation or host sessions • For example, Telnet can be used for accessing a Unix machine and emulating a terminal attached to the Unix computer
DNS • Directory service protocol • Domain Names Service (DNS) • Used for resolving domain names to IP addresses and vise versa
DHCP • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol • Issues IP addresses to client • Leases IP address • For security, a DHCP server can issue an address based on MAC address
NFS • Protocol for Network File Service • For example, enable a Unix machine to function as a file server and serve files to Windows clients
ARP • Address Resolution Protocol • Enables the IP and MAC addresses of clients to be identified for transmission of data
SNMP • Used by network management utilities to manage network devices • For example, a manageable hub that support SNMP can be managed from a remote location using a SNMP based LAN management software
IGMP • Internet Group Management Protocol • Used in multicasting
ICMP • Internet Management Control Protocol • Used in network error reporting • Used by network administrators to poll devices for troubleshooting
RIP • Routing Information Protocol • Used by routing devices to exchange information such as routing table contents etc. • Determines the shortest path (heuristically) from one node to another and shares the information with routing devices
OSPF • Open Shortest Path First • A more efficient protocol than RIP in determining the fastest path to the destination
RSVP • Resource Reservation Protocol
QoS • Quality of Service
NWLink • A protocol used on Windows clients to access Novel Netware servers • The exchange of information between the Windows client and the Netware server is facilitated by this protocol
NWLink and IPX/SPX • IPX/SPX is Novell’s protocol • It is a routable protocol • If IPX/SPX is to be installed in a Microsoft client then the ODI driver must be installed • The alternative of installing NWLink is preferred • Works with NDIS driver
Sample use of NWL ink • Access NetWare servers • Give Netware clients access to Windows servers • Set a Windows 2003 server as a gateway to NetWare servers
NetBIOS and NetBEUI • NetBEUI • Originally implemented by IBM for networking • NetBIOS • Non-routable protocol
DLC • Protocol used for connecting the LAN to an older IBM system • SNA based IBM network
AppleTalk • Used in networks connecting Apple computers
Protocol Binding • NDIS • Binding driver used with Microsoft • ODI • Binding driver used with Novell
Web Research • Visit a vendor’s web site to obtain information on the configuration of a wireless LAN consisting of 2 workstations and a server