1 / 60

Iconic Structures

Iconic Structures. Fall 2013. What is it? Where is it? How long ago?. Catalhuyuk , Turkey. One of the first permanent human settlements Dates back to 7500 – 5700 BCE Largest and best preserved site from the Neolithic Age (8000 – 4000 BCE) Located in Konya, Turkey.

opal
Download Presentation

Iconic Structures

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Iconic Structures Fall 2013

  2. What is it? Where is it? How long ago?

  3. Catalhuyuk, Turkey • One of the first permanent human settlements • Dates back to 7500 – 5700 BCE • Largest and best preserved site from the Neolithic Age (8000 – 4000 BCE) • Located in Konya, Turkey

  4. What is it? When was it made? Why important?

  5. Hammurabi’s Code • Hammurabi became the sixth Babylonian king that extended his empire into the former Mesopotamian land. • Hammurabi ruled from 1792 BCE until his death in 1750 BCE. • He is known for creating the first written code of laws on stelae, or 8 foot tall stone tablets. • The code was unearthed in Persia in 1901. It now resides in the Louvre museum.

  6. Persian Empire (circa 540 BCE)

  7. What is it? Where is it? Why important?

  8. What is it? Where is it? Why important? • The Louvre (Loov) was once a fortress built in the late 12th century (1100’s), it was also a school, and finally a museum which opened in 1793 during the French Revolution. • The largest and most visited museum in the world. • It houses nearly 35,000 objects dating from Pre-history to current times. • Some famous items would be Hammurabi’s Code and the Mona Lisa painting. • The museum is located in Paris, France.

  9. What is it? Where is it? How long ago? www.travlang.com

  10. Abu Simbel • Located on the west bank of the Nile River, near the kingdom of Nubia • The statues consist of Ramses II and three state gods of Egypt – Ra-Harakhte (Heliopolis), Ptah (Memphis), and Amun-Ra (Thebes) • The sun only shines directly into the rear wall of the entrance – once in October and once in February. The later being Ramses II birthday.

  11. What is it? Where is it? How long ago? En.wikipedia.com

  12. The Parthenon • Pericles commissioned the Parthenon as a temple to the goddess, Athena, who was the epitome of wisdom and craft. • It was built in 447 BCE. • The Doric style columns are central to Greek architecture. • It is located on the Acropolis, a hill overlooking the city of Athens.

  13. From Mesopotamia… http://destinationterre2.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/uruk1.jpg

  14. The Temple or Tomb at Uruk • This is the ancient Sumerian city of Uruk. • This temple housed the polytheistic religions, belief in many gods, of the Sumerian city-states. • It is said that a German archaeologist unearthed the tomb of Gilgamesh in 2003. • He has been listed as the fifth Sumerian king near this area (2700 BCE). • The city-state of Ur had a complex system of canals that indicate irrigation provided by the Euphrates was essential to the development of this society.

  15. Ancient Structure of Mesopotamia http://earthistheaim2.wordpress.com/2012/07/16/part-4-the-indo-european-chapter-18-cities-states-and-small-kingdoms/

  16. A Ziggurat • A massive stepped tower on which was built a temple dedicated to the chief god or goddess of a Sumerian city. • This one was constructed at Ur around 2100BCE. It is 70 feet high. • It is believed to honor the moon god, Nanna. • Only priests could climb the stairs. • Ziggurats were no longer built once Mesopotamia was conquered by the Persians (500 BCE).

  17. This structure is in Jerusalem…. http://www.domeoftherock.net/

  18. The Dome of the Rock • Built by Caliph Abd al-Malik between 687 and 691 (7th century). • Masterpiece of Islamic architecture. The octagonal plan and the rotunda dome of wood are of Byzantine design. The Persian tiles on the exterior and the marble slabs that decorate the interior were added by Suleiman I in 1561 (Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. • It protects the rock from which Muḥammad is said to have ascended to heaven. • The Dome of the Rock is located on a rocky outcrop known as Mount Moriah, where, according to Jewish belief, Abraham offered his son Isaac as a sacrifice. • The inscriptions glorify the culmination of the faiths of Judaism and Christianity.

  19. Where is it? Why is it famous? http://worldreligion.nielsonpi.com/11india.html#

  20. Hindu Temple At Khajuraho • Constructed in the late 10th (900 CE). A modern Hindu temple in central India today.

  21. Where is it? What is it? Why is it considered one of the top ten most iconic structures in the world? http://www.toptenz.net/top-10-iconic-buildings.php

  22. The TajMahal • Built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan when his third wife MumtazMahal died during child birth. He was buried next to her in the mausoleum when he died in 1658. • Construction began in 1632 and was complete in 1648. • It took 20,000 workers to complete the job. • During WWII the Indian government built scaffolding around the TajMahal because they wanted to divert the German and Japanese air attacks. • Now it faces the threats from acid rain and pollution from the Mathura Oil Refinery that are turning the marble a faint yellow color. • Taj means crown in Sanskirt/Arabic.

  23. Where is it? What is it? Why is it important?

  24. Terra Cotta Warriors, just north of modern day Xi’an in China • Emperor who united China after 200 years of a bloody civil war between the Zhou kings. • 6000 archers, infantrymen, charioteers and rear guard are arranged according to customary battle formations. • 40 years of labor and hundreds of workers constructed the tomb. • The first emperor of the Qin dynasty built this as his tomb. The tomb was filled with precious stones and artisans built mechanically triggered crossbows to shoot intruders.

  25. What is it? Why is it important?

  26. The Great Wall of China • Created during the Qin dynasty to keep out the nomadic tribes in the north. • It took almost 2000 years to build (Warring States: 446 BCE – Ming Dynasty: 1644 BC) • It is almost 5,500 miles long (pg 98).

  27. Where is it? What is it? Why is it important?

  28. Forbidden City, Beijing - China • Built during the Ming dynasty and used as a home for emperors and their staff until the Qing dynasty. • 980 rooms covering over 720,000 square feet (178 acres). • Built with Chinese palatial architectural techniques. • Bilateral Symmetry – balance • Enclosures – courtyard/open space • Heirarchical – most important people/rooms face the front of the property, elders to the south for the sun, and less important in the east/west wings. • Horizontal – less on height, more on breadth, walls are not emphasized • Cosmological Concepts – fengshui (balance, harmony with nature) – screens, door gods, animals, fruit, ponds, pools

  29. Forbidden City

  30. Bilateral Symmetry & Courtyard

  31. Heiarchical

  32. Horizontal

  33. Cosmological Concepts

  34. Forbidden City Map

  35. What is it? Where Is It? Why is it important?

  36. Temple of Heaven, Beijing, China • Constructed during the Ming dynasty (1420 CE) • Emperors would go here to pray to the gods for a good harvest. • It also served as a the sacrificial alter to the gods. Hence, the animal area: • Architecturally different than many Chinese Buildings because Heaven is round and Earth is square.

  37. Photoshop Wonders…..

  38. Where is it? Why is it important?

  39. This is an Ancient Greek Theatre • Taormina was a city on the island of Sicily. • It is a popular tourist attraction because Greece was known for its comedies and tragedies. Many were performed here, and still are.

  40. Name each type of Greek column

  41. Famous Columns • Lord Hill's Column is the tallest Doric column. It is located in Shrewsbury, England and stands 133.5 feet tall. There is 17 foot statude on top. It was built between 1814-1816 to honor Rowland Hill who served England during the Napoleonic Wars (Battle of Waterloo). • The US Supreme Court has Corinthian columns. It was built in 1935. The Temple of Zeus also has Corinthian columns and was built in the 6th century. • The Jefferson Memorial has Ionic Columns.

  42. Map of Greece, Thesoloniki

  43. The White Tower, Thesoloniki • The White Tower of Thessaloniki (Greek: Λευκός ΠύργοςLefkosPyrgos), is a monument and museum on the waterfront of the city of Thesoloniki, capital of the region of Macedonia in northern Greece. • It served as a symbol of Greek independence over Macedonia. • The present tower replaced an old Byzantine fortification which was mentioned around the 12th century and reconstructed by the Ottomans to fortify the city's harbor; it became a notorious prison and scene of mass executions during the period of Ottoman rule. • It was substantially remodeled and its exterior was whitewashed after Greece gained control of the city in 1912, and the whitewash has since once been removed.

  44. Where is it? What is it? Why is it important?

  45. AgiosDimitrious, Thesoloniki, Greece • Thessaloniki's enormous, 5th-century Church of AgiosDimitrios , is named in honouof the city's patron saint. A Roman soldier, Dimitrios was killed around 303 on the site (then a Roman bath)because he was a Christian. • Dimitrious is now kept in an eerie underground crypt, which you can visit during the day or during the special Friday-night service. • In 1980, the saint's relics were returned from Italy, and now lie in an elaborate silver reliquary inside. • The Ottomans made AgiosDimitrios a mosque and plastered the walls. After they were kicked out, the plaster was removed, revealing Thessaloniki's finest church mosaics. • While the 1917 fire was very damaging, five 8th-century mosaics have survived; look for them on either side of the altar.

More Related